Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
Chemosphere. 2024 May;356:141889. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141889. Epub 2024 Apr 5.
The mining industry has historically served as a critical reservoir of essential raw materials driving global economic progress. Nevertheless, the consequential by-product known as mine tailings has consistently produced a substantial footprint of environmental contamination. With annual discharges of mine tailings surpassing 10 billion tons globally, the need for effective remediation strategies is more pressing than ever as traditional physical and chemical remediation techniques are hindered by their high costs and limited efficacy. Phytoremediation utilizing plants for remediation of polluted soil has developed as a promising and eco-friendly approach to addressing mine tailings contamination. Furthermore, sequencing of genomic DNA and transcribed RNA extracted from mine tailings presents a pivotal opportunity to provide critical supporting insights for activities directed towards the reconstruction of ecosystem functions on contaminated lands. This review explores the growing prominence of phytoremediation and metagenomics as an ecologically sustainable techniques for rehabilitating mine-tailings. The present study envisages that plant species such as Solidago chilensis, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Polygonum capitatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Maireana brevifolia, Prosopis tamarugo etc. could be utilized for the remediation of mine-tailings. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the organic and inorganic ammendments that optimize conditions for the remediation of mine tailings is also provided. The focus of this review extends to the exploration of environmental genomics to characterize microbial communities in mining sites. By delving into the multifaceted dimensions of phytoremediation and genomics for mine tailings, this study contributes to the ongoing efforts to revitalize contaminated lands for a sustainable and environmentally friendly future.
矿业在历史上一直是推动全球经济进步的关键原材料储备库。然而，随之而来的矿渣副产品却一直对环境造成严重的污染。全球每年排放的矿渣超过 100 亿吨，因此，需要有效的修复策略，而传统的物理和化学修复技术由于成本高、效果有限，其应用受到了阻碍。利用植物修复受污染土壤的植物修复技术已经成为解决矿渣污染的一种很有前途和环保的方法。此外，从矿渣中提取的基因组 DNA 和转录 RNA 的测序为重建受污染土地上的生态系统功能提供了关键的支持性见解，这是一个关键的机会。本综述探讨了植物修复和宏基因组学作为一种生态可持续的技术，在修复矿渣方面的重要性日益凸显。本研究设想，Solidago chilensis、Festuca arundinacea、Lolium perenne、Polygonum capitatum、Pennisetum purpureum、Maireana brevifolia、Prosopis tamarugo 等植物物种可用于修复矿渣。此外，还对优化矿渣修复条件的有机和无机改良剂进行了批判性评价。本综述的重点还扩展到了环境基因组学的研究，以描述采矿地点的微生物群落。通过深入研究植物修复和矿渣基因组学的多方面，本研究为恢复污染土地以实现可持续和环保的未来做出了贡献。
