AlOzairi Abdullah, Irshad Mohammad, AlKandari Jumana, AlSaraf Husain, Al-Ozairi Ebaa
Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Mar 22;15:1367876. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367876. eCollection 2024.
People living with diabetes often encounter psychosocial challenges, including diabetes distress and depression. Despite this, little research has focused on the co-occurrence of these conditions. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait and to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with these conditions.
A total of 832 people with type 1 diabetes (females: 54.1%, mean age: 29 ± 8.5 years), were invited to participate in Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) course. Diabetes distress was measured using the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depressive symptoms were defined as PHQ-9 scores ≥10. Data on biomedical outcomes, lifestyle factors, and sociodemographic information were collected.
The prevalence rates of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms were 27.8% and 38.3%, respectively. Notably, 19.6% of people experienced both conditions. In the regression analysis, PAID scale and PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated, patients with higher score on depressive symptoms scale were more likely to suffer diabetes distress (B= 2.65, p < 0.001). Female sex (odds ratio [OR]= 2.2, 95% CI= 1.5, 3.2), higher hemoglobin A1c levels (OR= 1.6, 95% CI= 1.0, 2.5), obesity (OR= 1.7, 95% CI= 1.1, 2.8), inactivity (OR= 2.4, 95% CI= 1.6, 3.6), microvascular complications (OR= 2.8, 95% CI= 1.5, 5.4), and lipohypertrophy (OR= 1.7, 95% CI= 1.1, 2.5) were associated with greater odds for the co-occurrence of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms (p< 0.05 for all).
The majority of people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait experience both diabetes distress and depressive symptoms. The strong correlation between diabetes distress and depressive symptoms suggests mutual predictability. The co-occurrence of both symptoms is associated with many sociodemographic and clinical factors.
糖尿病患者经常面临心理社会挑战，包括糖尿病困扰和抑郁症。尽管如此，很少有研究关注这些情况的同时出现。本研究旨在探讨科威特1型糖尿病患者中抑郁症状和糖尿病困扰的患病率，并确定与这些情况相关的临床和人口统计学因素。
总共邀请了832名1型糖尿病患者（女性：54.1%，平均年龄：29±8.5岁）参加正常饮食剂量调整（DAFNE）课程。使用糖尿病问题领域（PAID）量表测量糖尿病困扰，使用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）测量抑郁症状。抑郁症状定义为PHQ-9得分≥10。收集了生物医学结果、生活方式因素和社会人口统计学信息的数据。
糖尿病困扰和抑郁症状的患病率分别为27.8%和38.3%。值得注意的是，19.6%的人同时患有这两种疾病。在回归分析中，PAID量表和PHQ-9得分显著相关，抑郁症状量表得分较高的患者更有可能遭受糖尿病困扰（B = 2.65，p < 0.001）。女性（比值比[OR]= 2.2，95%置信区间= 1.5，3.2）、较高的糖化血红蛋白水平（OR= 1.6，95%置信区间= 1.0，2.5）、肥胖（OR= 1.7，95%置信区间= 1.1，2.8）、缺乏运动（OR= 2.4，95%置信区间= 1.6，3.6）、微血管并发症（OR= 2.8，95%置信区间= 1.5，5.4）和脂肪增生（OR= 1.7，95%置信区间= 1.1，2.5）与糖尿病困扰和抑郁症状同时出现的可能性更大相关（所有p< 0.05）。
科威特大多数1型糖尿病患者同时经历糖尿病困扰和抑郁症状。糖尿病困扰和抑郁症状之间的强相关性表明相互可预测性。两种症状的同时出现与许多社会人口统计学和临床因素相关。
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