Chen Haodong, Liu Xianliang, Liu Yao, Xie Longlong, Yu Ziyuan, Qiao Kaiming, Liu Mingze, Hu Fengxia, Shen Baogen, Ramanujan R V, Chu Ke, Zhang Hu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
Mater Horiz. 2024 Jun 3;11(11):2603-2614. doi: 10.1039/d3mh02225k.
Thermomagnetic generation (TMG), a promising technology to convert low-grade waste heat to electricity, utilizes high performance TMG materials. However, the drawbacks of large hysteresis, poor mechanical properties and inadequate service life hinder the practical applications. For the first time, we evaluated the effect of different phase transitions on the TMG performance by systematically comparing the TMG performance of three typical Heusler alloys with similar composition but different phase transitions. NiMnIn exhibits second-order magnetic transition (SOMT) from the ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) state around = 316 K without thermal hysteresis. It presents highly comprehensive TMG performance, which is not only better than those of other two Heusler alloys with different phase transitions, but also better than those of most typical TMG materials. The maximum power density (1752.3 mW m), cost index (2.78 μW per €), and power generation index PGI (8.91 × 10) of NiMnIn are 1-5, 1-4, and 1-7 orders of magnitude higher than those of most typical reported materials, respectively. In addition, NiMnIn with SOMT also shows some advantages that first-order magnetic transition (FOMT) materials do not have, such as zero hysteresis and a long-term service life. In contrast to the short lifetime of a few minutes for the materials with FOMT, NiMnIn with SOMT can serve for one month or even longer with excellent cycling stability. Consequently, we conclude that the SOMT NiMnIn Heusler alloy with good TMG performance as well as zero hysteresis and long service life can be a better candidate than FOMT materials for practical applications of TMG.
热磁发电（TMG）是一种将低品位废热转化为电能的很有前景的技术，它利用高性能的热磁发电材料。然而，大磁滞、机械性能差和使用寿命不足等缺点阻碍了其实际应用。我们首次通过系统比较三种成分相似但相变不同的典型赫斯勒合金的热磁发电性能，评估了不同相变对热磁发电性能的影响。NiMnIn在约316 K时呈现从铁磁（FM）到顺磁（PM）状态的二级磁转变（SOMT），且无热滞现象。它具有高度综合的热磁发电性能，不仅优于其他两种具有不同相变的赫斯勒合金，而且优于大多数典型的热磁发电材料。NiMnIn的最大功率密度（1752.3 mW/m²）、成本指数（每欧元2.78 μW）和发电指数PGI（8.91×10⁻⁷）分别比大多数典型报道材料高1 - 5、1 - 4和1 - 7个数量级。此外，具有SOMT的NiMnIn还表现出一些一级磁转变（FOMT）材料所没有的优势，如零磁滞和长使用寿命。与具有FOMT的材料只有几分钟的短寿命相比，具有SOMT的NiMnIn在具有出色循环稳定性的情况下可以服役一个月甚至更长时间。因此，我们得出结论，具有良好热磁发电性能、零磁滞和长使用寿命的SOMT NiMnIn赫斯勒合金在热磁发电的实际应用中可能是比FOMT材料更好的候选材料。
