新兴技术的负责任发展：纳米技术在工人保护方面的扩展和教训。
Responsible Development of Emerging Technologies: Extensions and Lessons From Nanotechnology for Worker Protection.
机构信息
From the Advanced Technologies and Laboratories International, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland (P.A.S.); and University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (V.L., I.I.).
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2024 Jul 1;66(7):528-535. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003100. Epub 2024 Mar 27.
OBJECTIVES
This paper identifies approaches to the responsible development of emerging technologies to secure worker safety and health.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was used to describe the history of the responsible development of worker protection from engineered nanomaterials. Lessons from that history were extended and applied to emerging technologies and illustrated in three examples: advanced manufacturing, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence.
RESULTS
The same principles used to underpin responsible development of nanotechnology can be applied to emerging technologies. Five criterion actions were identified that embody these principles.
CONCLUSION
Responsible development of emerging technologies requires anticipating hazards and risks and ethical issues attendant to them. Occupational and environment health specialists are often called upon to provide guidance on emerging technologies and the approach described here can serve as a basis for that guidance.
目的
本文旨在确定负责任地开发新兴技术以确保工人安全和健康的方法。
方法
采用回顾性分析的方法，描述了从工程纳米材料角度出发，对工人进行保护的负责任的开发历史。从这段历史中吸取的经验教训被扩展并应用于新兴技术，并通过三个例子进行了说明：先进制造、合成生物学和人工智能。
结果
用于支持纳米技术负责任开发的相同原则也可以应用于新兴技术。确定了体现这些原则的五项标准行动。
结论
新兴技术的负责任开发需要预测与之相关的危害和风险以及伦理问题。职业和环境卫生专家通常被要求就新兴技术提供指导，本文所述的方法可以作为提供这种指导的基础。
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