Servicio de Urgencias, Corta Estancia y Hospitalización a Domicilio, Hospital General Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), España. Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, España.
Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España.
Emergencias. 2024 Apr;36(2):97-103. doi: 10.55633/s3me/028.2024.
To study differences in the emergency department treatment of acute poisoning according to biological sex of patients and to assess adherence to care quality indicators.
Retrospective observational study including all cases of acute poisoning diagnosed in patients over the age of 14 years treated in a tertiary care hospital emergency department over a period of 4 years. We analyzed demographic variables, substance type and reason for acute poisoning, degree of adherence to quality indicators, and discharge destination.
A total of 1144 cases were included; 710 patients (62.1%) were female and 434 (37.9%) were male. The proportion of deliberate self-poisoning was higher in females (52.3% vs 41.4% in males; P .001); unintentional poisoning was less frequent in females (in 24.9% vs in 30.3% of males; P = .047). Benzodiazepine poisoning was more frequent in females (in 49.6% vs 41.2%; P = .007). Street drug and alcohol poisoning was less common in females. Adherence to quality indicators was high (> 85%) for both sexes.
The epidemiologic profile of poisoning is different in females and males. General emergency department adherence to quality indicators can be considered optimal. We detected no qualitative sex-related differences in the care of patients with acute poisoning.
研究根据患者的生物性别在急诊科治疗急性中毒方面的差异，并评估对护理质量指标的遵守情况。
这是一项回顾性观察性研究，纳入了在 4 年期间在一家三级保健医院急诊科治疗的年龄超过 14 岁的所有急性中毒患者。我们分析了人口统计学变量、物质类型和急性中毒的原因、对质量指标的遵守程度以及出院去向。
共纳入 1144 例患者；710 例（62.1%）为女性，434 例（37.9%）为男性。女性中故意自我中毒的比例较高（52.3%比男性的 41.4%；P <.001）；女性中无意中毒的比例较低（24.9%比男性的 30.3%；P =.047）。苯二氮䓬类中毒在女性中更为常见（49.6%比男性的 41.2%；P =.007）。女性中街头毒品和酒精中毒较少见。男女两性对质量指标的遵守率均较高（>85%）。
女性和男性中毒的流行病学特征不同。一般急诊科对质量指标的遵守情况可以认为是理想的。我们未发现急性中毒患者护理方面存在与性别有关的定性差异。
