Titelboim Danna, Rothwell Nikita J, Lord Oliver T, Harniman Robert L, Melbourne Leanne A, Schmidt Daniela N
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
R Soc Open Sci. 2024 Apr 10;11(4):231280. doi: 10.1098/rsos.231280. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Climate change is predicted to negatively impact calcification and change the structural integrity of biogenic carbonates, influencing their protective function. We assess the impacts of warming on the morphology and crystallography of , an abundant benthic foraminifera species in shallow environments. Specimens from a thermally disturbed field area, mimicking future warming, are about 50% smaller compared with a control location. Differences in the position of the ν1 Raman mode of shells between the sites, which serves as a proxy for Mg content and calcification temperature, indicate that calcification is negatively impacted when temperatures are below the thermal range facilitating calcification. To test the impact of thermal stress on the Young's modulus of calcite which contributes to structural integrity, we quantify elasticity changes in large benthic foraminifera by applying atomic force microscopy to a different genus, , cultured under optimal and high temperatures. Building on these observations of size and the sensitivity analysis for temperature-induced change in elasticity, we used finite element analysis to show that structural integrity is increased with reduced size and is largely insensitive to calcite elasticity. Our results indicate that warming-induced dwarfism creates shells that are more resistant to fracture because they are smaller.
预计气候变化会对钙化产生负面影响，并改变生物源碳酸盐的结构完整性，从而影响其保护功能。我们评估了变暖对浅水环境中一种丰富的底栖有孔虫物种—— 的形态和晶体学的影响。来自模拟未来变暖的热扰动野外区域的标本，与对照地点相比，尺寸小了约50%。作为镁含量和钙化温度替代指标的两个地点贝壳的ν1拉曼模式位置存在差异，这表明当温度低于促进钙化的热范围时，钙化会受到负面影响。为了测试热应力对方解石杨氏模量（其有助于结构完整性）的影响，我们通过对在最佳温度和高温下培养的不同属—— 的大型底栖有孔虫应用原子力显微镜来量化弹性变化。基于这些关于尺寸的观察以及对温度诱导的弹性变化的敏感性分析，我们使用有限元分析表明，结构完整性随着尺寸减小而增加，并且在很大程度上对方解石弹性不敏感。我们的结果表明，变暖导致的矮小化产生的贝壳更小，因而更抗断裂。
