Evolution of a Large Language Model for Preoperative Assessment Based on the Japanese Circulation Society 2022 Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Assessment and Management for Non-Cardiac Surgery.

The Japanese Circulation Society 2022 Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Assessment and Management for Non-Cardiac Surgery standardizes preoperative cardiovascular assessments. The present study investigated the efficacy of a large language model (LLM) in providing accurate responses meeting the JCS 2022 Guideline. Data on consultation requests, physicians' cardiovascular records, and patients' response content were analyzed. Virtual scenarios were created using real-world clinical data, and a LLM was then consulted for such scenarios. Google BARD could accurately provide responses in accordance with the JCS 2022 Guideline in low-risk cases. Google Gemini has significantly improved its accuracy in intermediate- and high-risk cases.