School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
Institute of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone Development, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May;31(21):30592-30619. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32842-9. Epub 2024 Apr 12.
The value of the ecosystem's ultimate goods and services for human welfare and long-term economic and social development is known as the gross ecosystem product (GEP). For the study of GEP accounting, the suggested water-energy-food (WEF) nexus offers a fresh viewpoint. This work aims to build a GEP accounting index system based on WEF, investigate its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics, and assess trade-offs and synergies between and within the water, energy, and food subsystems. Using the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) as an illustration, the findings revealed that, firstly, the comprehensive benefit of GEP based on WEF showed an upward trend in TGRA. Still, it was worth noting that the total production of the food ecosystem decreased. Secondly, the GEP based on WEF in five periods showed a spatial pattern of "high east and west, low middle." Thirdly, the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that the GEP trade-off relationships based on WEF were dominant in TGRA, with the strongest trade-offs between AQV, SCV, APV, and LEV. In addition, in bivariate local spatial autocorrelation, the value of the six ecosystem service function relationships was dominated by the trade-off relationship, and the distribution of trade-offs and synergies showed significant heterogeneity at the county scale in the TGRA. Finally, hot spot analysis showed that the hot spots of the gross water and energy ecosystem products were scattered in the tail area of the study area. In contrast, the hot spots of the gross food ecosystem product were concentrated in the belly region. The findings of this study provided a basis for the scientific formulation of territorial spatial pattern optimization for water, energy, and agricultural resources in the TGRA and can more accurately reflect the status of the ecological environment and changes of WEF over time. Moreover, this paper also gives full play to the growth advantages of shipping and aquatic products, implements effective soil erosion prevention and control measures, and establishes water-saving mechanisms and other measures in terms of water resources. Subregional plans for industrial structure and strengthening of waste gas and wastewater treatment facilities regarding energy resources are developed. Implement the cultivated land protection system and promote the superiority of crop varieties and other measures in terms of food resources.
生态系统为人类福祉及长期经济社会发展提供的终极产品和服务的价值被称为总生态系统产品（GEP）。对于 GEP 核算的研究，建议的水-能源-粮食（WEF） nexus 提供了一个新的视角。本工作旨在构建基于 WEF 的 GEP 核算指标体系，研究其时空演变特征，并评估水、能源和粮食子系统之间和内部的权衡与协同关系。以三峡库区（TGRA）为例，研究结果表明，首先，基于 WEF 的 GEP 综合效益呈上升趋势，但值得注意的是，粮食生态系统的总产量有所下降。其次，五个时期基于 WEF 的 GEP 呈现出“东西高，中间低”的空间格局。第三，Pearson 相关系数表明，基于 WEF 的 GEP 权衡关系在 TGRA 中占主导地位，AQV、SCV、APV 和 LEV 之间的权衡关系最强。此外，在二元局部空间自相关中，六种生态系统服务功能关系的价值以权衡关系为主，权衡和协同关系的分布在 TGRA 县级尺度上表现出显著的异质性。最后，热点分析表明，总水和能源生态系统产品的热点分散在研究区的尾部，而总粮食生态系统产品的热点则集中在腹部地区。本研究结果为 TGRA 水、能源和农业资源的国土空间格局优化提供了科学依据，能更准确地反映水、能源和粮食在时间上的生态环境状况和变化。此外，本文还充分发挥航运和水产品的增长优势，实施有效的水土流失防治措施，建立节水机制等措施在水资源方面；制定能源资源的产业结构分区域规划，加强废气和废水处理设施；实施耕地保护制度，推广优良作物品种等措施在粮食资源方面。
