Estimation of udder emptying based on milk constituents of strip samples after milking.

Milk ejection disorders were induced by oxytocin receptor blockade. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of udder emptying at incomplete milk ejection can be estimated based on the concentration of various milk constituents in different milk fraction samples. To induce different levels of spontaneous udder emptying (SUE) 10 Holstein dairy cows were milked either with or without i.v. injection of the oxytocin receptor blocking agent atosiban (ATO). In ATOearly, 12 µg/kg BW ATO was injected immediately before and in ATOlate directly after a 1-min manual udder preparation. The normal milking routine served as the control treatment. In all 3 treatments the udder was completely emptied by the i.v. injection of 10 IU oxytocin (OT) at the end of spontaneous milk flow. During all experimental milkings 4 milk samples were taken in all treatments: at the start of udder preparation (foremilk; FM), immediately after cessation of spontaneous milk flow and cluster detachment by hand stripping (strip milk; SM), from spontaneous removed milk in bucket 1 (milk before OT; MBOT) and from the milk obtained after OT injection in bucket 2 (milk after OT; MAOT). Fat, protein, lactose, and electrolytes (Na, Cl, and K) were measured in each milk sample. In addition, electrical conductivity (EC) was determined in parallel to continuous milk flow recording. The treatments induced individual degrees of SUE; therefore, the final evaluations of data were based on SUE classes instead of treatments. The most pronounced differences of milk constituents at different degrees of SUE were found for the milk fat content. The fat content of SM and MBOT remained almost unchanged up to 60% SUE, but was considerably higher if >80% of the milk was spontaneously removed. The concentrations of Na and Cl were highest and of K lowest if less than 20% of milk was received in the different samples. The EC was higher in SM and MBOT if <20% of milk was received. In conclusion, the blockade of the OT effect influences primarily the fat content, which confirmed an OT-induced fat secretion during milking. Similar effects are likely found in situations of disturbed milk ejections, caused by a lack of or reduced release of OT in response to different degrees of tactile udder stimulation. Our results show that the measurement of fat content and the EC in SM samples collected after cluster detachment can be used to estimate the completeness of udder emptying.