Laboratorio de Neurociencias Aplicadas, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 24;25(7):3632. doi: 10.3390/ijms25073632.
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure in the mother, typically occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and posing risks to both maternal and fetal health. PE causes placental changes that can affect the fetus, particularly neurodevelopment. Its key pathophysiological mechanisms encompass hypoxia, vascular and angiogenic dysregulation, inflammation, neuronal and glial alterations, and disruptions in neuronal signaling. Animal models indicate that PE is correlated with neurodevelopmental alterations and cognitive dysfunctions in offspring and in humans, an association between PE and conditions such as cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and sexual dimorphism has been observed. Considering the relevance for mothers and children, we conducted a narrative literature review to describe the relationships between the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental alterations in the offspring of PE mothers, along with their potential consequences. Furthermore, we emphasize aspects pertinent to the prevention/treatment of PE in pregnant mothers and alterations observed in their offspring. The present narrative review offers a current, complete, and exhaustive analysis of (i) the pathophysiological mechanisms that can affect neurodevelopment in the children of PE mothers, (ii) the relationship between PE and neurological alterations in offspring, and (iii) the prevention/treatment of PE.
子痫前期 (PE) 是一种多系统疾病，其特征为母亲血压升高，通常发生在妊娠 20 周后，对母婴健康均构成风险。PE 导致胎盘变化，可影响胎儿，特别是神经发育。其关键病理生理机制包括缺氧、血管和血管生成失调、炎症、神经元和神经胶质改变以及神经元信号中断。动物模型表明，PE 与后代和人类的神经发育改变和认知功能障碍相关，PE 与脑瘫、自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍和性别二态性等疾病之间存在关联。鉴于母婴的相关性，我们进行了叙述性文献综述，以描述 PE 母亲后代神经发育改变背后的病理生理机制之间的关系及其潜在后果。此外，我们强调了与预防/治疗 PE 相关的方面，以及在其后代中观察到的改变。本叙述性综述提供了 (i) 可影响 PE 母亲后代神经发育的病理生理机制、(ii) PE 与后代神经改变之间的关系以及 (iii) PE 的预防/治疗的最新、全面和详尽的分析。
