Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, United States of America.
Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2024 Jun;246:104250. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104250. Epub 2024 Apr 13.
Percepts, urges, and even high-level cognitions often enter the conscious field involuntarily. The Reflexive Imagery Task (RIT) was designed to investigate experimentally the nature of such entry into consciousness. In the most basic version of the task, participants are instructed not to subvocalize the names of visual objects. Involuntary subvocalizations arise on the majority of the trials. Can these effects be influenced by priming? In our experiment, participants were exposed to an auditory prime 300 ms before being presented with the RIT stimuli. For example, participants heard the word "FOOD" before seeing two RIT stimuli (e.g., line drawings of BANANA and CAT, with the former being the target of the prime). The short span between prime and target allowed us to assess whether the RIT effect is strategic or automatic. Before each trial, participants were instructed to disregard what they hear, and not to think of the name of any of the objects. On an average of 83% of the trials, the participants thought (involuntarily) of the name of the object associated with the prime. This is the first study to use a priming technique within the context of the RIT. The theoretical implications of these involuntary effects are discussed.
感知、冲动，甚至高级认知，往往会不由自主地进入意识领域。内省意象任务（RIT）旨在通过实验研究这种进入意识的本质。在该任务最基本的版本中，要求参与者不要默念视觉对象的名称。在大多数试验中，都会不由自主地进行默念。这种效应可以通过启动来影响吗？在我们的实验中，参与者在呈现 RIT 刺激之前，会受到 300 毫秒的听觉启动。例如，参与者在看到两个 RIT 刺激之前（例如，香蕉和猫的线条画，前者是启动的目标）听到“FOOD”这个词。启动和目标之间的短暂间隔使我们能够评估 RIT 效应是策略性的还是自动的。在每次试验之前，参与者被指示忽略他们听到的内容，并且不要想到与启动相关的任何对象的名称。在平均 83%的试验中，参与者会不由自主地想到与启动相关的对象的名称。这是首次在 RIT 背景下使用启动技术的研究。这些无意识效应的理论意义进行了讨论。
