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甲状旁腺：放射科医生对这个隐匿器官的全面综述

The Parathyroid Gland: An Overall Review of the Hidden Organ for Radiologists.

作者信息

Kim Suho, Shin Jung Hee, Hahn Soo Yeon, Kim Haejung, Kim Myoung Kyoung

出版信息

J Korean Soc Radiol. 2024 Mar;85(2):327-344. doi: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0171. Epub 2024 Feb 15.

DOI:10.3348/jksr.2022.0171
PMID:38617871
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11009140/
Abstract

Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands that regulate calcium metabolism by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH). These are located at the back of the thyroid gland. Typically, four glands comprise the parathyroid glands, although their numbers may vary among individuals. Parathyroid diseases are related to parathyroid gland dysfunction and can be caused by problems with the parathyroid gland itself or abnormal serum calcium levels arising from renal disease. In recent years, as comprehensive health checkups have become more common, abnormal serum calcium levels are often found incidentally in blood tests, after which several additional tests, including a PTH test, ultrasonography (US), technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid scan, single-photon-emission CT (SPECT)/CT, four-dimensional CT (4D-CT), and PET/CT, are performed for further evaluation. However, the parathyroid gland remains an organ less familiar to radiologists. Therefore, the normal anatomy, pathophysiology, imaging, and clinical findings of the parathyroid gland and its associated diseases are discussed here.

摘要

甲状旁腺是小型内分泌腺，通过分泌甲状旁腺激素（PTH）来调节钙代谢。它们位于甲状腺后方。通常，甲状旁腺由四个腺体组成，不过其数量在个体之间可能有所不同。甲状旁腺疾病与甲状旁腺功能障碍有关，可能由甲状旁腺自身问题或肾脏疾病引起的血清钙水平异常所致。近年来，随着全面健康检查变得更加普遍，血清钙水平异常常在血液检测中偶然发现，之后会进行包括PTH检测、超声检查（US）、锝-99m甲氧基异丁基异腈甲状旁腺扫描、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）/CT、四维CT（4D-CT）以及正电子发射断层显像/CT等多项额外检测以作进一步评估。然而，甲状旁腺对于放射科医生来说仍是一个不太熟悉的器官。因此，本文将讨论甲状旁腺及其相关疾病的正常解剖结构、病理生理学、影像学表现及临床症状。

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本文引用的文献

1
US Features of the Parathyroid Glands: An Intraoperative Surgical Specimen Study.甲状旁腺的美国特征：一项术中手术标本研究。
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A Retrospective Study of Ultrasonography in the Investigation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A New Perspective for Ultrasound Echogenicity Features of Parathyroid Nodules.原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的超声检查回顾性研究：甲状旁腺结节超声回声特征的新视角。
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The EANM practice guidelines for parathyroid imaging.欧洲核医学学会甲状旁腺影像实践指南。
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021 Aug;48(9):2801-2822. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05334-y. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
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Parathyroid Imaging.甲状旁腺成像
Radiol Clin North Am. 2020 Nov;58(6):1071-1083. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.07.006. Epub 2020 Sep 17.
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