Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Cenderawasih, Kamp Wolker, Uncen Waena, Jayapura, 99358, Papua, Indonesia.
Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2024 Aug;26(4):660-666. doi: 10.1007/s10903-024-01593-7. Epub 2024 Apr 15.
Suicide remains a major public health problem, with nearly 1 million deaths per year. The number tends to increase over time and factors leading to suicide suicidal behaviors are complex. However, there is a paucity of evidence on suicidal behaviors and the associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior between indigenous and non-indigenous living with HIV who were on Dolutegravir and Efavirenz therapies. The cross-sectional data were collected using questionnaires. Participants completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42), HIV Stigma-Sowell Scale, and demographic information questions. The outcome was low and high self-reported suicidal behaviors, while logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associated factors of high suicidal behaviors. A total of 200 PLWH were enrolled and 8.5% of the participants had high levels of suicidal behaviors. The majority of participants were Efavirenz users (84.0%), and Papuans as Indigenous (75.5%). More than half had a high school education (60.5%), were female (58%), married (54%), and unpaid (59%). The multiple logistic regression model showed that indigenous (aOR = 0.122; 95% CI = 0.029-0.514), and people who had children (aOR = 0.221; 95% CI = 0.051-0.957) were more likely to have low suicidal behaviors. Participants who were aged 18-27 years (aOR = 5.894; 95% CI = 1.336-30.579), had high self-blame (aOR = 1.342; 95% CI) = 1.004-1.792), and detectable HIV viral load (aOR = 6.177; 95%CI = 1.118-34.119) had high suicidal behavior. This study identified the risk of suicidality among PLWHs is high and routine suicide assessment is prioritized. The findings are also useful for intervention design and the development of clinical practice guidelines to manage the well-being of PLWH such as using digital intervention to cope with hindrances.
自杀仍是一个主要的公共卫生问题，每年有近 100 万人自杀。随着时间的推移，自杀人数呈上升趋势，导致自杀行为的因素也很复杂。然而，印度尼西亚艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）自杀行为及其相关因素的证据很少。因此，本研究旨在评估使用多替拉韦和依非韦伦治疗的土著和非土著 PLWH 中自杀行为的流行率和相关因素。横断面数据是通过问卷收集的。参与者完成了修订后的自杀行为问卷（SBQ-R）、抑郁焦虑压力量表-42（DASS-42）、艾滋病毒污名-索韦尔量表和人口统计学信息问题。结果是低和高自我报告的自杀行为，而逻辑回归分析用于估计高自杀行为相关因素的调整优势比（aOR）。共纳入 200 名 PLWH，其中 8.5%的参与者有高自杀行为。大多数参与者为依非韦伦使用者（84.0%），土著为巴布亚人（75.5%）。超过一半的人接受过高中教育（60.5%），女性（58%），已婚（54%），无薪（59%）。多变量逻辑回归模型显示，土著（aOR=0.122；95%CI=0.029-0.514）和有子女的人（aOR=0.221；95%CI=0.051-0.957）更有可能自杀行为较低。年龄在 18-27 岁的参与者（aOR=5.894；95%CI=1.336-30.579）、自责程度高（aOR=1.342；95%CI=1.004-1.792）和可检测到的 HIV 病毒载量（aOR=6.177；95%CI=1.118-34.119）有高自杀行为。本研究发现，PLWH 的自杀风险很高，应优先进行常规自杀评估。研究结果也有助于干预措施的设计和临床实践指南的制定，以管理 PLWH 的幸福感，例如使用数字干预来应对障碍。
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