Okui Tasuku, Nakashima Naoki
Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2024 Mar 18;36:e6. doi: 10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e6. eCollection 2024.
As few studies have explored the association between non-regular or precarious employment in parents and adverse birth outcomes, this study aimed to investigate this association using national data in Japan.
This study utilized the census data from 2020 and birth data from the vital statistics in 2021 and 2022 in the analysis. Adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, term low birth weight (TLBW), and small-for-gestational-age, were examined. Data linkage was conducted between birth data and census data to link parental employment statuses and educational attainments with birth data. Rates of adverse birth outcomes were calculated for each parental employment status. Additionally, regression analysis was used to determine adjusted risk ratios (RRs) of parental employment statuses for each birth outcome.
After data linkage, 334,110 birth records were included in the statistical analysis. Rates for non-regular workers were consistently higher than those for regular workers across all adverse birth outcomes for maternal employment status. Results of regression analyses indicated that the risks of preterm birth for non-regular workers were statistically significantly higher than those for regular workers, both in mothers and fathers with a RR (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.053 (1.004-1.104) and 1.142 (1.032-1.264), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of TLBW birth for non-regular workers was statistically significantly higher than that for regular workers in fathers (RR [95% CI]: 1.092 [1.043-1.143]).
Our findings demonstrate that non-regular workers have a higher risk of some adverse birth outcomes compared to regular workers.
由于很少有研究探讨父母的非正规或不稳定就业与不良出生结局之间的关联，本研究旨在利用日本的全国数据调查这种关联。
本研究在分析中使用了2020年的人口普查数据以及2021年和2022年的生命统计中的出生数据。研究考察了包括早产、足月低体重（TLBW）和小于胎龄儿在内的不良出生结局。对出生数据和人口普查数据进行了数据链接，以将父母的就业状况和教育程度与出生数据联系起来。计算了每种父母就业状况下不良出生结局的发生率。此外，使用回归分析来确定每种出生结局的父母就业状况的调整风险比（RRs）。
数据链接后，334,110条出生记录被纳入统计分析。在母亲就业状况的所有不良出生结局中，非正规工人的发生率始终高于正规工人。回归分析结果表明，非正规工人早产的风险在统计学上显著高于正规工人，母亲和父亲的RR（95%置信区间[CIs]）分别为1.053（1.004 - 1.104）和1.142（1.032 - 1.264）。此外，非正规工人足月低体重出生的风险在父亲中在统计学上显著高于正规工人（RR[95%CI]：1.092[1.043 - 1.143]）。
我们的研究结果表明，与正规工人相比，非正规工人出现某些不良出生结局的风险更高。
