Flexible Tactile Sensors for 3D Force Detection.

As tactile force sensing has become increasingly significant in the field of machine haptics, achieving multidimensional force sensing remains a challenge. We propose a 3D flexible force sensor that consists of an axisymmetric hemispherical protrusion and four equally sized quarter-circle electrodes. By simulating the device using a force and electrical field model, it has been found that the magnitude and direction of the force can be expressed through the voltage relationship of the four electrodes when the magnitude of the shear force remains constant and its direction varies within 0-360°. The experimental results show that a resolution of 15° can be achieved in the range 0-90°. Additionally, we installed the sensor on a robotic hand, enabling it to perceive the magnitude and direction of touch and grasp actions. Based on this, the designed 3D flexible tactile force sensor provides valuable insights for multidimensional force detection and applications.