Li Baofeng, Zhang Xiaoli, Zhang Qianzi, Zheng Tenghui, Li Qihui, Yang Siwang, Shao Jiayuan, Guan Wutai, Zhang Shihai
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Feb 1;83(2):e518-e532. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae023.
The gut barrier is the first line of defense against harmful substances and pathogens in the intestinal tract. The balance of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and its function. However, oxidative stress and inflammation can cause DNA damage and abnormal apoptosis of the IECs, leading to the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This, in turn, can directly or indirectly cause various acute and chronic intestinal diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the vital role of dietary ingredients in gut health. Studies have shown that certain amino acids, fibers, vitamins, and polyphenols in the diet can protect IECs from excessive apoptosis caused by oxidative stress, and limit intestinal inflammation. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and its relationship with intestinal function, and to discuss the modulation of IECs' physiological function, the intestinal epithelial barrier, and gut health by various nutrients. The findings of this review may provide a theoretical basis for the use of nutritional interventions in clinical intestinal disease research and animal production, ultimately leading to improved human and animal intestinal health.
肠道屏障是抵御肠道内有害物质和病原体的第一道防线。肠道上皮细胞（IECs）增殖与凋亡的平衡对于维持肠黏膜的完整性及其功能至关重要。然而，氧化应激和炎症可导致IECs的DNA损伤和异常凋亡，进而导致肠道上皮屏障的破坏。这反过来又可直接或间接引发各种急慢性肠道疾病。近年来，人们越来越认识到膳食成分在肠道健康中的重要作用。研究表明，饮食中的某些氨基酸、纤维、维生素和多酚可保护IECs免受氧化应激引起的过度凋亡，并限制肠道炎症。本综述旨在描述凋亡的分子机制及其与肠道功能的关系，并讨论各种营养素对IECs生理功能、肠道上皮屏障和肠道健康的调节作用。本综述的研究结果可能为营养干预在临床肠道疾病研究和动物生产中的应用提供理论依据，最终改善人和动物的肠道健康。
