Solberg W K, Hansson T L, Nordström B
J Oral Rehabil. 1985 Jul;12(4):303-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1985.tb01285.x.
Macroscopic features of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were studied in young adults who comprise the largest portion of individuals seeking TMJ treatment. Deviation in form (DIF), arthrosis, size, shape and disc displacement were evaluated on ninety-five autopsied TMJs. Few TMJs (13%, 12/95) showed no intracapsular changes. Thirty-nine per cent (37/95) of the TMJs displayed mild-to-marked DIF in all three TMJ components. Smaller changes were more prevalent and tended to appear in the younger TMJs. Condylar changes were more exuberant and extensive compared to the other components. Minor arthrotic lesions were visible in 3% (3/95), and all displayed DIF. Disc displacement was found in 12% (11/95) and was more common in women (P greater than 0.05). Folding and deformation of the articular disc was associated with disc displacement (P less than 0.01), the direction of which was mostly anteromedial. Most of the unchanged condyles' components had curved, slightly rounded, convex, and elliptical shapes when viewed from different planes (P less than 0.01). Applied in diagnosis, the presence of DIF can be inferred from features which deviate from the above shapes. The concept that the above macroscopic changes might be a precursor to TMJ arthropathy in susceptible individuals is compatible with the results of this study, but the most apt characterization is that TMJ changes in this age group are adaptive phenomena occurring in order to cope with the details of articular fit and function.
在寻求颞下颌关节（TMJ）治疗的个体中，年轻人占比最大，本研究对这一年轻成年人群体的颞下颌关节宏观特征进行了研究。对95个尸检颞下颌关节的形态偏差（DIF）、关节病、大小、形状和盘移位进行了评估。少数颞下颌关节（13%，12/95）未显示关节囊内变化。39%（37/95）的颞下颌关节在所有三个颞下颌关节组成部分中均表现出轻度至明显的DIF。较小的变化更为普遍，且倾向于出现在较年轻的颞下颌关节中。与其他组成部分相比，髁突的变化更为显著和广泛。在3%（3/95）的颞下颌关节中可见轻微的关节病变，且均表现出DIF。盘移位见于12%（11/95），在女性中更为常见（P>0.05）。关节盘的折叠和变形与盘移位相关（P<0.01），其方向大多为前内侧。从不同平面观察时，大多数未改变的髁突组成部分呈弯曲、略圆、凸形和椭圆形（P<0.01）。在诊断中，可从偏离上述形状的特征推断出DIF的存在。上述宏观变化可能是易感个体颞下颌关节病先兆的概念与本研究结果相符，但最恰当的描述是，该年龄组的颞下颌关节变化是为适应关节匹配和功能细节而出现的适应性现象。
