Wang Chuxi, Zhou Xin, Wang Meng, Chen Xin
Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Infect Microbes Dis. 2020 Dec 23;3(1):14-21. doi: 10.1097/IM9.0000000000000045. eCollection 2021 Mar.
A recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the single-stranded enveloped RNA virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed into a global pandemic, after it was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus, and little is known about the basic characteristics of this pathogen, the underlying mechanism of infection, and the potential treatments. The immune system has been known to be actively involved in viral infections. To facilitate the development of COVID-19 treatments, the understanding of immune regulation by this viral infection is urgently needed. This review describes the mechanisms of immune system involvement in viral infections and provides an overview of the dysregulation of immune responses in COVID-19 patients in recent studies. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of gut microbiota in regulating immunity and summarized the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the composition of the microbiome. Overall, this review provides insights for understanding and developing preventive and therapeutic strategies by regulating the immune system and microbiota.
2019年12月在武汉首次报告由单链包膜RNA病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情，已发展成为一场全球大流行。SARS-CoV-2是一种新兴病毒，人们对这种病原体的基本特征、潜在感染机制和潜在治疗方法知之甚少。已知免疫系统积极参与病毒感染。为了促进COVID-19治疗方法的开发，迫切需要了解这种病毒感染引起的免疫调节。本综述描述了免疫系统参与病毒感染的机制，并概述了近期研究中COVID-19患者免疫反应失调的情况。此外，我们强调了肠道微生物群在调节免疫中的作用，并总结了SARS-CoV-2感染对微生物组组成的影响。总体而言，本综述为通过调节免疫系统和微生物群来理解和制定预防及治疗策略提供了见解。
