Frassati Stefano, Barbaro Elena, Vecchiato Marco, Roman Marco, Kim Kitae, Ahn Yong-Yoon, Spolaor Andrea, Barbante Carlo, Gambaro Andrea
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy.
Institute of Polar Sciences-National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr 17. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33180-6.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread organic micro-pollutant, found in most environments, including alpine and Arctic regions, and several matrices such as waters and aerosols. Polar regions are characterized by periods of intense irradiation with no sunset due to the continuous sunlight, while alpine areas, despite following the day-night cycle of mid-latitudes, also undergo strong irradiation. For such conditions, it is possible that a fraction of the BPA present in snow may degrade through direct photolysis, producing other unknown species with different environmental mobility and possible ecotoxic effects. Furthermore, the snowpack is rich in species (known as photosensitizers) that facilitate indirect photodegradation processes through reactions involving hydroxyl radicals , singlet oxygen (O), excited triplet states of the organic fraction (CDOM*), and nitrite/nitrate. In this study, we investigated both direct and indirect photodegradation of BPA in the presence of specific photosensitizers producing , O, CDOM*, and NO to specifically explore the products of the reaction. The study was conducted in both liquid water and ice, under light and dark conditions. Results, obtained by HPLC-HRMS, revealed that the matrix in which the reaction takes place, in addition to the photosensitizer used, may influence the degradation by-products. This allows for the possibility of distinguishing the reaction environment based on the identified product.
双酚A（BPA）是一种广泛存在的有机微污染物，在包括高山和北极地区在内的大多数环境以及水和气溶胶等多种基质中都能找到。极地地区的特点是由于持续的阳光照射，会出现无日落的强烈辐照期，而高山地区尽管遵循中纬度地区的昼夜循环，但也会受到强烈辐照。在这样的条件下，雪中存在的一部分双酚A可能会通过直接光解而降解，产生其他具有不同环境迁移率和可能生态毒性效应的未知物质。此外，积雪中富含一些物种（称为光敏剂），这些物种通过涉及羟基自由基、单线态氧（O）、有机组分的激发三重态（CDOM*）和亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐的反应促进间接光降解过程。在本研究中，我们研究了在产生、O、CDOM*和NO的特定光敏剂存在下双酚A的直接和间接光降解，以具体探索反应产物。该研究在液态水和冰中，在光照和黑暗条件下进行。通过HPLC-HRMS获得的结果表明，除了所使用的光敏剂外，反应发生的基质可能会影响降解副产物。这使得基于所鉴定的产物来区分反应环境成为可能。
