Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, Avellino, 83100, Italy.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2024 May;68(9):e2300779. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202300779. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammation in different conditions. In celiac disease (CD), the serum phospholipid profile in infants who developed CD is dramatically different when compared to that of infants at risk of CD not developing the disease. In a mouse model of gluten sensitivity, oral wheat gliadin challenge in connection with inhibition of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically induces the enteropathy. Recent evidence suggests that gluten may play a role also for development of life-style related diseases in populations on a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not yet understood. Exploratory studies in mice feed HFD show that wheat gliadin consumption affects glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota, and the immune cell profile in liver.
肠道免疫系统在肥胖和胰岛素抵抗中起着至关重要的作用。肠道免疫的改变与肠道微生物群、屏障功能和对腔抗原的耐受性的变化有关。脂质代谢及其失衡也可能导致不同情况下的急性和慢性炎症。在乳糜泻（CD）中，与未发生疾病的 CD 风险婴儿相比，发生 CD 的婴儿的血清磷脂谱明显不同。在麸质敏感性的小鼠模型中，与抑制ω-6 多不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸的代谢相结合，口服小麦麦醇溶蛋白可特异性诱导肠病。最近的证据表明，在高脂肪饮食（HFD）人群中，麸质可能也与生活方式相关疾病的发展有关。然而，这些影响背后的机制尚不清楚。在给予 HFD 的小鼠的探索性研究中，小麦麦醇溶蛋白的摄入会影响葡萄糖和脂质代谢的稳态，改变肠道微生物群和肝脏中的免疫细胞谱。
