Oh Kyung Jin, Lee Sang-Yun
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Front Pediatr. 2024 Apr 3;12:1307931. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1307931. eCollection 2024.
Analyzing Kawasaki disease epidemiology during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in South Korea using 2012-2020 National Health Insurance Service data.
The incidence of Kawasaki disease for 2012-2020 was investigated to identify changes in incidence after the start of the pandemic. National Health Insurance Service data from the Republic of Korea were used. Kawasaki disease was defined based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, the Tenth Revision diagnostic code (M30.3), and the intravenous immunoglobulin prescription code. Prescription history was collected for the following medications: intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin, corticosteroids, tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist, clopidogrel, and anticoagulation drugs.
The Kawasaki disease incidence per 100,000 individuals younger than 5 years was 238.9, 230.0, and 141.2 in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. Regarding the incidence from 2012 to 2020, it was the highest in 2018 and decreased to 141.2 ( < 0.001) in 2020, after the start of the pandemic. In 2020, 28.3% of all patients with KD were infants, a percentage significantly higher than that of the previous year ( < 0.001). There was biphasic seasonality in the monthly Kawasaki disease incidence. The Kawasaki disease incidence was the highest in winter followed by that in early summer.
After the start of the pandemic, the Kawasaki disease incidence decreased, and the percentage of patients with Kawasaki disease aged <1 year increased. These findings provide support for the hypothesis suggesting an infectious trigger in Kawasaki disease.
利用2012 - 2020年韩国国民健康保险服务数据，分析韩国在新冠疫情期间川崎病的流行病学情况。
调查2012 - 2020年川崎病的发病率，以确定疫情开始后发病率的变化。使用了韩国国民健康保险服务的数据。川崎病是根据《国际疾病和相关健康问题统计分类》第十次修订版诊断代码（M30.3）以及静脉注射免疫球蛋白处方代码来定义的。收集了以下药物的处方史：静脉注射免疫球蛋白、阿司匹林、皮质类固醇、肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂、氯吡格雷和抗凝药物。
2018年、2019年和2020年，每10万名5岁以下儿童中川崎病的发病率分别为238.9、230.0和141.2。关于2012年至2020年的发病率，2018年最高，在疫情开始后的2020年降至141.2（<0.001）。2020年，所有川崎病患者中有28.3%为婴儿，这一比例显著高于上一年（<0.001）。川崎病的月发病率呈双相季节性。川崎病发病率在冬季最高，其次是初夏。
疫情开始后，川崎病发病率下降，1岁以下川崎病患者的比例增加。这些发现为川崎病存在感染触发因素的假说提供了支持。
