Pehlivanlar Ezgi, Carradori Simone, Simsek Rahime
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2024 Mar 16;7(4):951-966. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00370. eCollection 2024 Apr 12.
Migraine is a disease of neurovascular origin that affects the quality of life of more than one billion people and ranks sixth among the most common diseases in the world. Migraine is characterized by a moderate or severe recurrent and throbbing headache, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and photo-phonophobia. It usually starts in adolescence and is twice as common in women as in men. It is classified as with or without aura and has chronic or acute treatment types according to the frequency of occurrence. In acute treatment, analgesics that relieve pain in the fastest way are preferred, while there are different options in chronic treatment. While non-specific methods were used in the treatment of migraine until the 1950s, triptans, ditans, and CGRP-receptor-dependent therapies (monoclonal antibodies and gepants) started to be used in the clinic more recently. In this Review, we focus on the synthesis, side effects, and pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of FDA-approved drugs used in acute and preventive-specific treatment of migraine.
偏头痛是一种神经血管源性疾病，影响着超过十亿人的生活质量，在世界最常见疾病中排名第六。偏头痛的特征是中度或重度复发性搏动性头痛，伴有恶心、呕吐和畏光畏声。它通常始于青春期，女性的发病率是男性的两倍。它被分为有先兆或无先兆偏头痛，并根据发作频率有慢性或急性治疗类型。在急性治疗中，首选能最快缓解疼痛的镇痛药，而慢性治疗有不同的选择。直到20世纪50年代，偏头痛的治疗都采用非特异性方法，而曲坦类、双氢麦角胺类和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）受体依赖性疗法（单克隆抗体和 gepants）最近才开始在临床上使用。在本综述中，我们重点关注美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的用于偏头痛急性和预防性特异性治疗的药物的合成、副作用以及药理和药代动力学特性。
