Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
World-Class Research Centre "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Immunol Invest. 2024 Jul;53(5):730-751. doi: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2337022. Epub 2024 Apr 18.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive form of brain tumor with low survival rates. Current treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are problematic due to tumor growth, invasion, and tumor microenvironment. GBM cells are resistant to these standard treatments, and the heterogeneity of the tumor makes it difficult to find a universal approach. Progression of GBM and acquisition of resistance to therapy are due to the complex interplay between tumor cells and the TME. A significant portion of the TME consists of an inflammatory infiltrate, with microglia and macrophages being the predominant cells.
Analysis of the literature data over a course of 5 years suggest that the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are capable of releasing cytokines and growth factors that promote tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis while inhibiting immune cell function at the same time.
Thus, immunosuppressive state, provided with this intensively studied kind of TME cells, is supposed to promote GBM development through TAMs modulation of tumor treatment-resistance and aggressiveness. Therefore, TAMs are an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of glioblastoma.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the nature of TAMs and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs, focusing on the variety of macrophage properties, being modulated, as well as molecular targets.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种侵袭性极强的脑肿瘤，患者生存率较低。目前的治疗方法，如化疗、放疗和手术，由于肿瘤的生长、侵袭和肿瘤微环境等问题，效果并不理想。GBM 细胞对这些标准治疗具有抗性，并且肿瘤的异质性使得难以找到通用的治疗方法。GBM 的进展和对治疗的耐药性的获得是由于肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境之间的复杂相互作用。肿瘤微环境的很大一部分由炎症浸润组成，其中小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞是主要细胞。
对过去 5 年的文献数据进行分析表明，肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）能够释放促进肿瘤增殖、存活和转移的细胞因子和生长因子，同时抑制免疫细胞的功能。
因此，这种经过深入研究的肿瘤微环境细胞提供的免疫抑制状态，被认为通过 TAMs 调节肿瘤治疗耐药性和侵袭性来促进 GBM 的发展。因此，TAMs 是治疗胶质母细胞瘤的一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。
本综述提供了关于 TAMs 性质和针对 TAMs 的治疗策略的最新研究的全面概述，重点介绍了各种被调节的巨噬细胞特性以及分子靶点。
