Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2024;24(6):579-594. doi: 10.2174/0115680096265849231031101449.
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most aggressive and lethal among the main types of primary brain tumors. It exhibits malignant growth, infiltrating the brain tissue, and displaying resistance toward treatment. GBM is a complex disease characterized by high degrees of heterogeneity. During tumour growth, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells, infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and contribute extensively to gliomagenesis. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the most numerous nonneoplastic populations in the tumour microenvironment in GBM. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumour microenvironment, which mostly induces tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumour immune evasion, contributing to tumour progression. Additionally, TAMs and astrocytes can contribute to tumour progression through the release of cytokines and activation of signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of the microenvironment in GBM progression, focusing on neuroinflammation. These recent advancements in research of the microenvironment hold the potential to offer a promising approach to the treatment of GBM in the coming times.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是原发性脑肿瘤中最具侵袭性和致命性的一种。它表现出恶性生长，浸润脑组织，并对治疗产生抵抗。GBM 是一种高度异质性的复杂疾病。在肿瘤生长过程中，小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞等细胞浸润肿瘤微环境，并广泛促进胶质瘤的发生。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs），无论是外周来源还是代表脑固有小胶质细胞，都是 GBM 肿瘤微环境中数量最多的非肿瘤细胞群体。GBM 细胞的复杂异质性是由局部炎症肿瘤微环境促成的，这种微环境主要诱导肿瘤侵袭性和耐药性。GBM 的免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境为肿瘤免疫逃逸提供了多种途径，促进了肿瘤的进展。此外，TAMs 和星形胶质细胞可以通过释放细胞因子和激活信号通路促进肿瘤进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了微环境在 GBM 进展中的作用，重点关注神经炎症。这些关于微环境的最新研究进展有可能为未来 GBM 的治疗提供一种有前途的方法。
