Ankur Nitin, Singh Navdeep
Department of Civil Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Mar;32(12):7297-7334. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33303-z. Epub 2024 Apr 18.
Coal bottom ash (CBA) which is waste and environment contaminant has been used in grinded and raw form as replacement of Portland cement (PC) and natural fine aggregates (NFA) in concrete. The combined effect of grinding period (GP) (2-10 h), grinded CBA (GCBA) (10-30%), and raw CBA (0-50%) on strength and microstructural characteristics was investigated and optimized along with its sustainability assessment. An enhancement in strength parameters with an increase in GP and replacement of PC and NFA with GCBA and CBA respectively was observed. The microstructural techniques like XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR also correlate with the aforementioned behavior. Mathematical models for strength parameters are well fitted and in good agreement with experimental and predicted values. Multi-objective optimization suggested 6.38 h grinding, 24.21% GCBA, and 32.96% CBA as the optimum values. CBA-based optimized mix resulted in 19.79% and 22.6% lower carbon footprints and eco-cost than the control mix.
煤底灰（CBA）作为一种废弃物和环境污染物，已被磨碎后和以原状用作混凝土中波特兰水泥（PC）和天然细骨料（NFA）的替代品。研究并优化了粉磨时间（GP）（2 - 10小时）、磨碎的煤底灰（GCBA）（10 - 30%）和原状煤底灰（0 - 50%）对强度和微观结构特征的综合影响，并对其可持续性进行了评估。观察到随着粉磨时间增加以及分别用GCBA和CBA替代PC和NFA，强度参数有所提高。XRD、SEM、EDS和FTIR等微观结构技术也与上述行为相关。强度参数的数学模型拟合良好，与实验值和预测值高度吻合。多目标优化表明，最佳值为粉磨6.38小时、24.21%的GCBA和32.96%的CBA。基于CBA的优化混合料的碳足迹和生态成本比对照混合料分别降低了19.79%和22.6%。
