Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2024 Sep;11(1):309-325. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-093022-011544. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus endemic to Africa and the Middle East. RVFV infection can cause encephalitis, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Studies of RVFV encephalitis following percutaneous inoculation, as would occur following a mosquito bite, have historically been limited by a lack of consistent animal models. In this review, we describe new insights into the pathogenesis of RVFV and the opportunities provided by new mouse models. We underscore the need to consider viral strain and route of inoculation when interpreting data obtained using animal models. We discuss the trafficking of RVFV and the role of host genetics and immunity in modulating the pathogenesis of RVFV encephalitis. We also explore potential strategies to prevent and treat central nervous system disease caused by RVFV and discuss remaining knowledge gaps.
裂谷热病毒（RVFV）是一种地方性蚊媒病毒，流行于非洲和中东地区。RVFV 感染可引起脑炎，与较高的发病率和死亡率相关。既往，经皮接种（如蚊虫叮咬）后 RVFV 脑炎的研究因缺乏一致的动物模型而受到限制。在本综述中，我们描述了对 RVFV 发病机制的新见解，以及新的小鼠模型所提供的机会。我们强调在使用动物模型获得的数据进行解释时，需要考虑病毒株和接种途径。我们讨论了 RVFV 的传播以及宿主遗传学和免疫在调节 RVFV 脑炎发病机制中的作用。我们还探讨了预防和治疗 RVFV 引起的中枢神经系统疾病的潜在策略，并讨论了尚存的知识空白。
