National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
Vet Microbiol. 2024 Jun;293:110088. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110088. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Orf virus (ORFV), a member of the genus Parapoxvirus, possesses an excellent immune activation capability, which makes it a promising immunomodulation agent. In this study, we evaluated ORFV as a novel adjuvant to enhance the immune response of mice to a subunit vaccine using porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid (Cap) protein as a model. Our results showed that both inactivated and live attenuated ORFV activated mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and increased expression of immune-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses were induced in mice immunized with PCV2 Cap protein combined with inactivated or live attenuated ORFV adjuvant compared with the aluminum adjuvant. Increased secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines by splenic lymphocytes in immunized mice further indicated that the ORFV adjuvant promoted a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Moreover, addition of the ORFV adjuvant to the PCV2 subunit vaccine significantly reduced the viral load in the spleen and lungs of PCV2-challenged mice and prevented pathological changes in lungs. This study demonstrates that ORFV enhances the immunogenicity of a PCV2 subunit vaccine by improving the adaptive immune response, suggesting the potential application of ORFV as a novel adjuvant.
口疮病毒（ORFV）是副痘病毒属的一员，具有出色的免疫激活能力，使其成为一种有前途的免疫调节剂。在这项研究中，我们评估了 ORFV 作为一种新型佐剂，以增强小鼠对猪圆环病毒 2 型（PCV2）衣壳（Cap）蛋白亚单位疫苗的免疫反应，将其作为模型。我们的结果表明，灭活和活弱化 ORFV 均可激活小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞，并增加免疫相关细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α的表达。与铝佐剂相比，用灭活或活弱化 ORFV 佐剂与 PCV2 Cap 蛋白联合免疫的小鼠诱导了增强的体液和细胞免疫反应。免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌的 Th1 和 Th2 细胞因子增加进一步表明，ORFV 佐剂促进了混合 Th1/Th2 免疫反应。此外，ORFV 佐剂的添加可显著降低 PCV2 攻毒小鼠脾脏和肺部的病毒载量，并防止肺部的病理变化。这项研究表明，ORFV 通过改善适应性免疫反应增强了 PCV2 亚单位疫苗的免疫原性，表明 ORFV 作为一种新型佐剂具有潜在的应用前景。
