Higgins C B, Broderick T W, Edwards D K, Shumaker A
Radiology. 1979 Nov;133(2):363-8. doi: 10.1148/133.2.363.
Radiographic and clinical data were evaluated in 12 preterm infants with pneumopericardium complicating ventilator therapy of respiratory distress syndrome. Eight infants had massive or tension pneumopericardium, reflected by bradycardia, hypotension, and cyanosis of abrupt onset; cardiac size decreased dramatically but returned to approximately the former size after aspiration of the pneumopericardium. In puppies, pneumopericardium large enought to reduce heart size by 32 +/- 3% caused decreased mean arterial pressure (-22 +/- 7%) and right ventricular peak systolic pressure (-11 +/- 2%) and increased right ventricular diastolic and intrapericardial pressures. These findings suggest that pneumopericardium per se causes severe hemodynamic compromise. When it is large enought to reduce heart size, drastic circulatory impairment is produced and pericardiocentesis should be performed immediately.
对12例患有气心包并使呼吸窘迫综合征呼吸机治疗复杂化的早产儿的影像学和临床数据进行了评估。8例婴儿患有大量或张力性气心包，表现为心动过缓、低血压和突然出现的发绀；心脏大小急剧减小，但在抽吸气心包后恢复到大致原来的大小。在幼犬中，足以使心脏大小减小32±3%的气心包导致平均动脉压降低（-22±7%）和右心室收缩压峰值降低（-11±2%），并使右心室舒张压和心包内压升高。这些发现表明气心包本身会导致严重的血流动力学损害。当气心包大到足以使心脏大小减小时，会产生严重的循环障碍，应立即进行心包穿刺术。
