Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Airdoc Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2024 Apr 2;13(4):28. doi: 10.1167/tvst.13.4.28.
PURPOSE: Retinal and optic nerve diseases have become the primary cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness. However, there is still a lack of thorough evaluation regarding their prevalence in China. METHODS: This artificial intelligence-based national screening study applied a previously developed deep learning algorithm, named the Retinal Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis System (RAIDS). De-identified personal medical records from January 2019 to December 2021 were extracted from 65 examination centers in 19 provinces of China. Crude prevalence and age-sex-adjusted prevalence were calculated by mapping to the standard population in the seventh national census. RESULTS: In 2021, adjusted referral possible glaucoma (63.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 57.12-68.90 cases per 1000), epiretinal macular membrane (21.84, 95% CI = 15.64-29.22), age-related macular degeneration (13.93, 95% CI = 11.09-17.17), and diabetic retinopathy (11.33, 95% CI = 8.89-13.77) ranked the highest among 10 diseases. Female participants had significantly higher adjusted prevalence of pathologic myopia, yet a lower adjusted prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, referral possible glaucoma, and hypertensive retinopathy than male participants. From 2019 to 2021, the adjusted prevalence of retinal vein occlusion (0.99, 95% CI = 0.73-1.26 to 1.88, 95% CI = 1.42-2.44), macular hole (0.59, 95% CI = 0.41-0.82 to 1.12, 95% CI = 0.76-1.51), and hypertensive retinopathy (0.53, 95% CI = 0.40-0.67 to 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60-0.95) significantly increased. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in participants under 50 years old significant increased. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal and optic nerve diseases are an important public health concern in China. Further well-conceived epidemiological studies are required to validate the observed increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and macular hole nationwide. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This artificial intelligence system can be a potential tool to monitor the prevalence of major retinal and optic nerve diseases over a wide geographic area.
目的：视网膜和视神经疾病已成为不可逆视力丧失和失明的主要原因。然而，对于其在中国的患病率，仍缺乏全面的评估。
方法：本项基于人工智能的全国性筛查研究应用了一种先前开发的深度学习算法，称为视网膜人工智能诊断系统（RAIDS）。从中国 19 个省的 65 个检查中心提取了 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月的个人医疗记录，并进行了去识别处理。根据第七次全国人口普查的标准人口进行了粗患病率和年龄性别调整后的患病率计算。
结果：2021 年，调整后的转诊可能青光眼（每 1000 人中有 63.29 例，95%置信区间 [CI] = 57.12-68.90）、视网膜内黄斑膜（21.84，95%CI = 15.64-29.22）、年龄相关性黄斑变性（13.93，95%CI = 11.09-17.17）和糖尿病性视网膜病变（11.33，95%CI = 8.89-13.77）在 10 种疾病中患病率最高。女性参与者的病理性近视调整后患病率显著较高，但糖尿病性视网膜病变、转诊可能青光眼和高血压性视网膜病变的调整后患病率却低于男性参与者。2019 年至 2021 年，视网膜静脉阻塞（0.99，95%CI = 0.73-1.26 至 1.88，95%CI = 1.42-2.44）、黄斑裂孔（0.59，95%CI = 0.41-0.82 至 1.12，95%CI = 0.76-1.51）和高血压性视网膜病变（0.53，95%CI = 0.40-0.67 至 0.77，95%CI = 0.60-0.95）的调整后患病率显著增加。50 岁以下人群中糖尿病性视网膜病变的患病率显著增加。
结论：视网膜和视神经疾病是中国重要的公共卫生关注点。需要进一步进行精心设计的流行病学研究，以验证全国范围内糖尿病性视网膜病变、高血压性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞和黄斑裂孔患病率的增加。
翻译后的文本为：
目的：视网膜和视神经疾病已成为不可逆视力丧失和失明的主要原因。然而，对于其在中国的患病率，仍缺乏全面的评估。
方法：本项基于人工智能的全国性筛查研究应用了一种先前开发的深度学习算法，称为视网膜人工智能诊断系统（RAIDS）。从中国 19 个省的 65 个检查中心提取了 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月的个人医疗记录，并进行了去识别处理。根据第七次全国人口普查的标准人口进行了粗患病率和年龄性别调整后的患病率计算。
结果：2021 年，调整后的转诊可能青光眼（每 1000 人中有 63.29 例，95%置信区间 [CI] = 57.12-68.90）、视网膜内黄斑膜（21.84，95%CI = 15.64-29.22）、年龄相关性黄斑变性（13.93，95%CI = 11.09-17.17）和糖尿病性视网膜病变（11.33，95%CI = 8.89-13.77）在 10 种疾病中患病率最高。女性参与者的病理性近视调整后患病率显著较高，但糖尿病性视网膜病变、转诊可能青光眼和高血压性视网膜病变的调整后患病率却低于男性参与者。2019 年至 2021 年，视网膜静脉阻塞（0.99，95%CI = 0.73-1.26 至 1.88，95%CI = 1.42-2.44）、黄斑裂孔（0.59，95%CI = 0.41-0.82 至 1.12，95%CI = 0.76-1.51）和高血压性视网膜病变（0.53，95%CI = 0.40-0.67 至 0.77，95%CI = 0.60-0.95）的调整后患病率显著增加。50 岁以下人群中糖尿病性视网膜病变的患病率显著增加。
结论：视网膜和视神经疾病是中国重要的公共卫生关注点。需要进一步进行精心设计的流行病学研究，以验证全国范围内糖尿病性视网膜病变、高血压性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞和黄斑裂孔患病率的增加。
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