Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2024 May;349:116896. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116896. Epub 2024 Apr 17.
The United States is responsible for the highest incarceration rate globally. This study aimed to explore the impact of partner incarceration on maternal substance use and whether social support mediates the relationship between partner incarceration and maternal substance use.
Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal cohort following new parents and children, this analysis quantifies the relationship between paternal incarceration and maternal substance use (N = 2823). We analyzed maternal responses in years 3 (2001-2003), 5 (2003-2006), 9 (2007-2010), and 15 (2014-2017). We explored the role of financial support and emergency social support as potential mediators. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to construct support-related mediators. We modeled the impact of partner incarceration and maternal substance use using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for repeated measures, adjusting for appropriate confounders (age of mother at child's birth, race, education, employment, and history of intimate partner violence).
Nearly half (44.2%, N = 1247) of participants reported partner incarceration. Among mothers who experienced partner incarceration, the odds of reporting substance use were 110% greater than those who reported no partner incarceration (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 2.10; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.67-2.63). Financial support at year 5 accounted for 19.5% (95% CI: 6.03-33.06%) of the association between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 9; emergency social support at year 5 accounted for 6.4% (95% CI: 0.51-12.25%) of the association between partner incarceration and substance use at year 9. Neither financial nor emergency social support at year 9 were significant mediators between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 15.
These findings demonstrate that partner incarceration impacts maternal substance use. Financial and emergency support may partially mediate this relationship in the short term, which has important implications for families disrupted by mass incarceration.
美国的监禁率位居全球之首。本研究旨在探讨伴侣监禁对产妇物质使用的影响，以及社会支持是否在伴侣监禁与产妇物质使用之间起中介作用。
本研究使用“未来家庭与儿童福祉研究”（Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study）的数据，该研究对新父母及其子女进行了纵向队列研究，对父亲监禁与产妇物质使用之间的关系进行了定量分析（N=2823）。我们分析了母亲在第 3 年（2001-2003 年）、第 5 年（2003-2006 年）、第 9 年（2007-2010 年）和第 15 年（2014-2017 年）的反应。我们探讨了经济支持和紧急社会支持作为潜在中介的作用。采用验证性因子分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis，CFA）构建与支持相关的中介。我们使用广义估计方程（Generalized Estimating Equations，GEE）对伴侣监禁和产妇物质使用的影响进行建模，以考虑重复测量，并调整了适当的混杂因素（孩子出生时母亲的年龄、种族、教育、就业和亲密伴侣暴力史）。
近一半（44.2%，N=1247）的参与者报告称其伴侣曾被监禁。在经历过伴侣监禁的母亲中，报告物质使用的可能性比没有报告伴侣监禁的母亲高 110%（调整后的优势比[aOR]：2.10；95%置信区间[CI]：1.67-2.63）。第 5 年的经济支持解释了第 3 年伴侣监禁与第 9 年物质使用之间关系的 19.5%（95%CI：6.03-33.06%）；第 5 年的紧急社会支持解释了第 3 年伴侣监禁与第 9 年物质使用之间关系的 6.4%（95%CI：0.51-12.25%）。第 9 年的经济和紧急社会支持都不是第 3 年伴侣监禁与第 15 年物质使用之间的重要中介。
这些发现表明，伴侣监禁会影响产妇物质使用。经济支持和紧急社会支持可能在短期内部分中介这种关系，这对因大规模监禁而破裂的家庭具有重要意义。
