Lu Wenting, Zeng Shuai, Yao Yuan, Luo Yiting, Ruan Tiechao
Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Integrated Care Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Apr 10;12:1338208. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338208. eCollection 2024.
Omicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccination regimens in children and adolescents during the Omicron epidemic phase.
We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases for studies published through March 2023 on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents at the Omicron variant period. The effectiveness outcomes included mild COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390481).
A total of 33 studies involving 16,532,536 children were included in the analysis. First, in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years, the overall VE of the COVID-19 vaccine is 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40 to 50%). Subgroup analysis of VE during Omicron epidemic phase for different dosage regimens demonstrated that the VE was 50% (95% CI: 44 to 55%) for the 2-dose vaccination and 61% (95% CI: 45 to 73%) for the booster vaccination. Upon further analysis of different effectiveness outcomes during the 2-dose vaccination showed that the VE was 41% (95% CI: 35 to 47%) against mild COVID-19 and 71% (95% CI: 60 to 79%) against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE exhibited a gradual decrease over time, with the significant decline in the efficacy of Omicron for infection before and after 90 days following the 2-dose vaccination, registering 54% (95% CI: 48 to 59%) and 34% (95% CI: 21 to 56%), respectively.
During the Omicron variant epidemic, the vaccine provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. Two doses of vaccination can provide effective protection severe COVID-19, with booster vaccination additionally enhancing VE.
奥密克戎（B.1.1.529）是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的一种变体，已成为新冠疫情中的主要毒株。这一情况引发了人们对针对奥密克戎的疫苗接种有效性的担忧，尤其是在儿童和青少年群体中。我们的研究评估了奥密克戎流行阶段不同新冠疫苗接种方案在儿童和青少年中的疗效。
我们在PubMed、Cochrane、科学网和Embase电子数据库中检索了截至2023年3月发表的关于新冠疫苗接种与奥密克戎变异株时期儿童和青少年中针对SARS-CoV-2感染的疫苗效力（VE）之间关联的研究。有效性结果包括轻度新冠和重度新冠。本研究遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南，并在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO，注册号：CRD42023390481）中进行了前瞻性注册。
共有33项涉及16532536名儿童的研究纳入分析。首先，在0至19岁的儿童和青少年中，新冠疫苗的总体效力为45%（95%置信区间[CI]：40%至50%）。对奥密克戎流行阶段不同剂量方案的效力进行亚组分析表明，两剂接种的效力为50%（95%CI：44%至55%），加强针接种的效力为61%（95%CI：45%至73%）。对两剂接种期间不同有效性结果的进一步分析表明，针对轻度新冠的效力为41%（95%CI：35%至47%），针对重度新冠的效力为71%（95%CI：60%至79%）。此外，效力随时间逐渐下降，两剂接种后90天之前和之后奥密克戎感染效力显著下降，分别为54%（95%CI：48%至59%）和34%（95%CI：21%至56%）。
在奥密克戎变异株流行期间，疫苗为0至19岁的儿童和青少年提供了针对SARS-CoV-2感染的保护。两剂接种可有效预防重度新冠，加强针接种可进一步提高效力。
