Depto de Patologia, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Vaccine. 2024 May 31;42(15):3384-3388. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.021. Epub 2024 Apr 24.
The persistence of varicella outbreaks in Brazil has underscored the high concern with the low vaccine coverage in the last 4 years. Using publicly available data from the Brazilian Health System (SUS), this study analyzed varicella vaccine coverage and incidence trends from 2019 to 2022 in Brazilian States. Vaccine coverage decreased nationally in 2020, possibly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic's initial phase. In Bahia State, we have the persistence of varicella with an incidence rate of 3.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (higher incidence compared to other States) in 2023. Under 15 months children and young children (4-6 Years old) faced the highest risk, urging the importance of vaccination. Despite a monovalent varicella vaccine being available through Brazil's National Immunization Program (NIP), Bahia fell short of achieving the ≥95 % disease control target for coverage. The study highlight the importance of vaccines to prevent some infectious diseases, as varicella, in poor tropical regions. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, and augmenting awareness campaigns, are important to achieve and sustain high vaccine coverage over 80% as WHO guidelines to obtain a safe rate of protection for Brazilian population (Brazil's national immunization program has a target of 95% coverage).
巴西水痘疫情的持续存在凸显了人们对过去 4 年疫苗接种率低的高度关注。本研究利用巴西卫生系统（SUS）公开提供的数据，分析了 2019 年至 2022 年巴西各州水痘疫苗覆盖率和发病率趋势。2020 年，全国疫苗覆盖率下降，可能受到 COVID-19 大流行初始阶段的影响。在巴伊亚州，我们发现水痘持续存在，2023 年发病率为每 10 万人 3.0 例（高于其他州）。15 个月以下儿童和幼儿（4-6 岁）面临的风险最高，这凸显了接种疫苗的重要性。尽管巴西国家免疫规划（NIP）提供单价水痘疫苗，但巴伊亚州未能实现覆盖率≥95%的疾病控制目标。该研究强调了疫苗在预防一些传染病（如水痘）方面的重要性，特别是在贫困的热带地区。解决疫苗犹豫和错误信息问题，加强宣传活动，对于实现和维持 80%以上的高疫苗覆盖率至关重要，这是世卫组织为巴西人口获得安全保护率（巴西国家免疫规划的目标是 95%的覆盖率）的指导方针。
