Barla Rachael Jovita, Raghuvanshi Smita, Gupta Suresh
Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May;31(23):33165-33189. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33407-6. Epub 2024 Apr 26.
Flue gas mitigation technologies aim to reduce the environmental impact of flue gas emissions, particularly from industrial processes and power plants. One approach to mitigate flue gas emissions involves bio-mitigation, which utilizes microorganisms to convert harmful gases into less harmful or inert substances. The review thus explores the bio-mitigation efficiency of chemolithotrophic interactions with flue gas and their potential application in bio-reactors. Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that can derive energy from inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO), present in the flue gas. These microorganisms utilize specialized enzymatic pathways to oxidize these compounds and produce energy. By harnessing the metabolic capabilities of chemolithotrophs, flue gas emissions can be transformed into value-added products. Bio-reactors provide controlled environments for the growth and activity of chemolithotrophic microorganisms. Depending on the specific application, these can be designed as suspended or immobilized reactor systems. The choice of bio-reactor configuration depends on process efficiency, scalability, and ease of operation. Factors influencing the bio-mitigation efficiency of chemolithotrophic interactions include the concentration and composition of the flue gas, operating conditions (such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability), and reactor design. Chemolithotrophic interactions with flue gas in bio-reactors offer a potentially efficient approach to mitigating flue gas emissions. Continued research and development in this field are necessary to optimize reactor design, microbial consortia, and operating conditions. Advances in understanding the metabolism and physiology of chemolithotrophic microorganisms will contribute to developing robust and scalable bio-mitigation technologies for flue gas emissions.
烟气减排技术旨在降低烟气排放对环境的影响，尤其是工业生产过程和发电厂产生的烟气。一种减少烟气排放的方法是生物减排，即利用微生物将有害气体转化为危害较小或惰性的物质。因此，本综述探讨了化能自养微生物与烟气相互作用的生物减排效率及其在生物反应器中的潜在应用。化能自养微生物是一类能从无机化合物中获取能量的微生物，这些无机化合物存在于烟气中，如二氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NO）和二氧化硫（SO）。这些微生物利用特定的酶促途径氧化这些化合物并产生能量。通过利用化能自养微生物的代谢能力，烟气排放可转化为增值产品。生物反应器为化能自养微生物的生长和活性提供了可控环境。根据具体应用，这些反应器可设计为悬浮式或固定化反应器系统。生物反应器配置的选择取决于工艺效率、可扩展性和操作简便性。影响化能自养微生物与烟气相互作用的生物减排效率的因素包括烟气的浓度和成分、操作条件（如温度、pH值和养分可用性）以及反应器设计。生物反应器中化能自养微生物与烟气的相互作用为减少烟气排放提供了一种潜在的有效方法。该领域需要持续的研究和开发，以优化反应器设计、微生物群落和操作条件。深入了解化能自养微生物的代谢和生理学将有助于开发强大且可扩展的烟气减排生物技术。
