Ngoy Anthony, Tang Victor M, Xiao Kebin, Blumberger Daniel M, George Tony P, Gowin Joshua L, Le Foll Bernard, Sloan Matthew E
Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada.
Brain Sci. 2024 Apr 2;14(4):356. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14040356.
This scoping review explores the use of neuromodulation techniques in individuals with cannabis use. Our goal was to determine whether cannabis use alters cortical excitation and inhibition in the context of neuromodulation and to determine whether neuromodulation affects craving and cannabis use patterns. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, OVID Medline, and PsycINFO from inception to 20 December 2022. Our review identified ten relevant studies, eight of which used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), while two employed Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Findings from TMS studies suggest that cannabis users exhibit altered cortical inhibition, with decreased short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) compared to non-users. Single sessions of rTMS did not have any impact on cannabis craving. By contrast, two studies found that multiple sessions of rTMS reduced cannabis use, but these changes did not meet the threshold for statistical significance and both studies were limited by small sample sizes. The two included tDCS studies found contradictory results, with one showing reduced cannabis craving with active treatment and another showing no effect of active treatment on craving compared to sham. Future studies should further explore the effects of multiple treatment sessions and different neuromodulation modalities.
本综述探讨了神经调节技术在大麻使用者中的应用。我们的目标是确定在神经调节背景下，大麻使用是否会改变皮层兴奋和抑制，以及神经调节是否会影响渴望和大麻使用模式。从数据库建立至2022年12月20日，我们使用PubMed、OVID Medline和PsycINFO进行了系统检索。我们的综述确定了10项相关研究，其中8项使用经颅磁刺激（TMS），2项采用经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）。TMS研究结果表明，与非使用者相比，大麻使用者表现出皮层抑制改变，短间隔皮层内抑制（SICI）降低。单次重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对大麻渴望没有任何影响。相比之下，两项研究发现多次rTMS减少了大麻使用，但这些变化未达到统计学意义阈值，且两项研究均受样本量小的限制。纳入的两项tDCS研究结果相互矛盾，一项研究显示积极治疗可减少大麻渴望，另一项研究则显示与假刺激相比，积极治疗对渴望没有影响。未来的研究应进一步探索多次治疗疗程和不同神经调节方式的效果。
