Gu Xin, Minko Tamara
Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA.
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Apr 20;16(8):1589. doi: 10.3390/cancers16081589.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its aggressive, metastatic nature and lack of early detection methods. A key obstacle in PDAC treatment is the highly complex tumor environment characterized by dense stroma surrounding the tumor, which hinders effective drug delivery. Nanotechnology can offer innovative solutions to these challenges, particularly in creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs for PDAC, such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. By using customization methods such as incorporating conjugated targeting ligands, tumor-penetrating peptides, and therapeutic nucleic acids, these nanoparticle-based systems enhance drug solubility, extend circulation time, improve tumor targeting, and control drug release, thereby minimizing side effects and toxicity in healthy tissues. Moreover, nanoparticles have also shown potential in precise diagnostic methods for PDAC. This literature review will delve into targeted mechanisms, pathways, and approaches in treating pancreatic cancer. Additional emphasis is placed on the study of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, with a brief mention of those in clinical trials. Overall, the overview illustrates the significant advances in nanomedicine, underscoring its role in transcending the constraints of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是最致命的癌症之一，由于其具有侵袭性、转移性且缺乏早期检测方法，在诊断和治疗方面面临重大挑战。PDAC治疗中的一个关键障碍是肿瘤环境高度复杂，其特征是肿瘤周围有致密的基质，这阻碍了有效的药物递送。纳米技术可以为这些挑战提供创新解决方案，特别是在为现有的PDAC抗癌药物（如吉西他滨和紫杉醇）创建新型药物递送系统方面。通过使用定制方法，如掺入共轭靶向配体、肿瘤穿透肽和治疗性核酸，这些基于纳米颗粒的系统可提高药物溶解度、延长循环时间、改善肿瘤靶向性并控制药物释放，从而将健康组织中的副作用和毒性降至最低。此外，纳米颗粒在PDAC的精确诊断方法中也显示出潜力。这篇文献综述将深入探讨治疗胰腺癌的靶向机制、途径和方法。重点放在基于纳米颗粒的递送系统的研究上，并简要提及那些正在进行临床试验的系统。总体而言，该综述阐述了纳米医学的重大进展，强调了其在超越传统PDAC疗法和诊断的局限性方面的作用。
