Dhaliwal Jasninder Singh, Sekhon Manraj S, Rajotia Arush, Dang Ashujot K, Singh Prabh Partap, Bilal Maham, Sakthivel Hemamalini, Ahmed Raheel, Verma Renuka, Ramphul Kamleshun, Sethi Prabhdeep S
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
School of Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Apr 4;60(4):597. doi: 10.3390/medicina60040597.
: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. : The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. : Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001-1.064, = 0.043). : The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在感染患者中引发了多种心血管并发症，包括急性心肌梗死（AMI）。本研究旨在了解在大流行的头两年中，COVID-19患者中AMI的总体趋势以及第一年和第二年之间的差异和结果。：通过2020年和2021年全国住院患者样本（NIS）数据库进行回顾性分析，分析2020年4月至2021年12月期间以COVID-19为主要诊断且经历AMI事件的成人住院情况。对伴有COVID-19的AMI患者的逐月AMI事件和死亡率及其各自的患者特征进行了比较。：在2541992例COVID-19住院患者中，3.55%经历了AMI。AMI发生率最高的是2021年12月（4.35%）。在21个月期间，未观察到AMI死亡率趋势的统计学差异。2021年的AMI病例接受PCI的几率更高（调整后比值比1.627，<0.01）。他们发生急性肾损伤的风险更高（调整后比值比1.078，<0.01）、急性缺血性中风（调整后比值比1.215，<0.01）、心脏骤停（调整后比值比1.106，<0.01）、需要机械通气（调整后比值比1.133，<0.01）和全因死亡率（调整后比值比1.032，95%置信区间1.001-1.064，=0.043）。：在本研究的21个月中，COVID-19患者中AMI的发生率波动，2021年12月达到峰值。2021年报告AMI的COVID-19患者出现多种并发症的总体几率更高，这可能与2021年大流行给医疗保健带来的巨大负担、病毒变体的不断变化的影响以及感染患者寻求治疗的犹豫有关。
