Maciejewska Oliwia, Kępczyńska Katarzyna, Polit Małgorzata, Domitrz Izabela
Bielanski Hospital, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-809 Warszawa, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Apr 17;16(8):1196. doi: 10.3390/nu16081196.
The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of dysphagia in patients with ischaemic stroke. It was crucial to evaluate the relationship between swallowing disorders and selected demographic and clinical indicators. Additionally, the association between various patient feeding methods and selected demographic and clinical factors was assessed. Based on the analysis of medical documentation, we identified the most important clinical parameters, including demographic data, the frequency of stroke risk factors, the location of the ischaemic lesion, cortical involvement, stroke severity as measured by the NIHSS (Nationale Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), and the methods of feeding post-stroke patients. Dysphagia was observed in 65.9% of the patients in the study group. Hypertension was the most common chronic illness in the studied population of ischemic stroke patients (91.8% of patients). Diet modification (35.7%) and PEG (25%) were the frequent methods of feeding in patients with confirmed dysphagia. Age played a significant role in determining the feeding methods in patients with dysphagia. Patients with a PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy) tube were the oldest (79.37 ± 10.80) and 75% of them had pneumonia. Early identification of swallowing difficulties in stroke patients is critical in determining an appropriate and safe feeding plan, as well as initiating logopedics therapy to improve swallowing efficacy and minimize pulmonary complications.
本研究的目的是调查缺血性中风患者吞咽困难的发生率。评估吞咽障碍与选定的人口统计学和临床指标之间的关系至关重要。此外，还评估了各种患者喂养方法与选定的人口统计学和临床因素之间的关联。通过对医疗记录的分析，我们确定了最重要的临床参数，包括人口统计学数据、中风危险因素的发生率、缺血性病变的位置、皮质受累情况、由美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）测量的中风严重程度以及中风后患者的喂养方法。研究组中65.9%的患者观察到吞咽困难。高血压是缺血性中风患者研究人群中最常见的慢性病（91.8%的患者）。饮食调整（35.7%）和经皮内镜下胃造口术（PEG，25%）是确诊吞咽困难患者常用的喂养方法。年龄在确定吞咽困难患者的喂养方法中起着重要作用。接受经皮内镜下胃造口术（PEG）管的患者年龄最大（79.37±10.80），其中75%患有肺炎。早期识别中风患者的吞咽困难对于确定合适且安全的喂养计划以及启动言语治疗以提高吞咽效果并尽量减少肺部并发症至关重要。
