Sztandera Krzysztof, Rodríguez-García José Luis, Ceña Valentín
Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Instituto de Nanociencia Molecular, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Mar 22;16(4):439. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040439.
Over the last few years, the development of nanotechnology has allowed for the synthesis of many different nanostructures with controlled sizes, shapes, and chemical properties, with dendrimers being the best-characterized of them. In this review, we present a succinct view of the structure and the synthetic procedures used for dendrimer synthesis, as well as the cellular uptake mechanisms used by these nanoparticles to gain access to the cell. In addition, the manuscript reviews the reported in vivo applications of dendrimers as drug carriers for drugs used in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and ocular diseases. The dendrimer-based formulations that have reached different phases of clinical trials, including safety and pharmacokinetic studies, or as delivery agents for therapeutic compounds are also presented. The continuous development of nanotechnology which makes it possible to produce increasingly sophisticated and complex dendrimers indicates that this fascinating family of nanoparticles has a wide potential in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for applications in drug delivery systems, and that the number of dendrimer-based compounds entering clinical trials will markedly increase during the coming years.
在过去几年中，纳米技术的发展使得能够合成许多具有可控尺寸、形状和化学性质的不同纳米结构，其中树枝状大分子的特征最为明显。在本综述中，我们简要介绍了用于树枝状大分子合成的结构和合成方法，以及这些纳米颗粒进入细胞所采用的细胞摄取机制。此外，本文还综述了已报道的树枝状大分子作为药物载体在治疗癌症、神经退行性疾病、感染和眼部疾病的药物中的体内应用。还介绍了已进入不同临床试验阶段的基于树枝状大分子的制剂，包括安全性和药代动力学研究，或作为治疗化合物的递送剂。纳米技术的不断发展使得生产越来越复杂和精密的树枝状大分子成为可能，这表明这个迷人的纳米颗粒家族在制药行业具有广泛的潜力，特别是在药物递送系统中的应用，并且在未来几年中，进入临床试验的基于树枝状大分子的化合物数量将显著增加。
