Biasio Luigi Roberto, Zanobini Patrizio, Lorini Chiara, Bonaccorsi Guglielmo
Giovanni Lorenzini Foundation, Viale Piave 35, 20129 Milan, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Apr 16;12(4):422. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12040422.
Vaccine literacy (VL) is the ability to find, understand, and evaluate vaccination-related information to make appropriate decisions about immunization. The tools developed so far for its evaluation have produced consistent results. However, some dimensions may be underestimated due to the complexity of factors influencing VL. Moreover, the heterogeneity of methods used in studies employing these tools hinders a comprehensive understanding of its role even more. To overcome these limitations, a path has been sought to propose new instruments. This has necessitated updating earlier literature reviews on VL and related tools, exploring its relationship with vaccine hesitancy (VH), and examining associated variables like beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors towards immunization. Based on the current literature, and supported by the re-analysis of a dataset from an earlier study, we propose a theoretical framework to serve as the foundation for creating future assessment tools. These instruments should not only evaluate the psychological factors underlying the motivational aspect of VL, but also encompass knowledge and competencies. The positioning of VL in the framework at the intersection between sociodemographic antecedents and attitudes, leading to behaviors and outcomes, explains why and how VL can directly or indirectly influence vaccination decisions by countering VH and operating at personal, as well as at organizational and community levels.
疫苗素养（VL）是指查找、理解和评估与疫苗接种相关信息，以便就免疫接种做出适当决策的能力。迄今为止开发的用于评估它的工具已产生了一致的结果。然而，由于影响疫苗素养的因素复杂，一些维度可能被低估。此外，使用这些工具的研究中所采用方法的异质性进一步阻碍了对其作用的全面理解。为克服这些局限性，人们一直在寻求提出新工具的途径。这就需要更新早期关于疫苗素养及相关工具的文献综述，探究其与疫苗犹豫（VH）的关系，并考察诸如对免疫接种的信念、态度和行为等相关变量。基于当前文献，并在前一项研究数据集重新分析的支持下，我们提出一个理论框架，作为创建未来评估工具的基础。这些工具不仅应评估疫苗素养动机方面背后的心理因素，还应涵盖知识和能力。疫苗素养在该框架中处于社会人口学前提与态度之间的交叉点，进而导致行为和结果，这解释了疫苗素养为何以及如何通过对抗疫苗犹豫并在个人、组织和社区层面发挥作用，直接或间接影响疫苗接种决策。
