Liu Wu, Zhang Hui, Zhao Tianshuo, Cai Xianming, Yang Liguo, Gao Genxia, Che Xiaoyan, Zhu Zhenhong, Zeng Tongxia, Cui Fuqiang
Jingyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jingyuan 730699, China.
Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (Gansu Province), Lanzhou 730050, China.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 30;16(4):540. doi: 10.3390/v16040540.
This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of an outbreak primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in a kindergarten and primary school. The outbreak was investigated by field epidemiological investigation, and the common respiratory pathogens were screened by RT-PCR detection technology. The attack rate of this outbreak was 63.95% (110/172). Main symptoms included cough (85.45%), sore throat (60.91%), and sneezing (60.00%). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that continuous handwashing and mouth and nose covering when sneezing were protective factors. All 15 collected throat swab specimens tested positive for viruses, with HMPV as the predominant pathogen (80.00%), followed by HRV (53.33%), and two cases of positive respiratory syncytial virus (13.33%). Among them, six samples showed coinfections of HMPV and HRV, and one had coinfections of HMPV and RSV, resulting in a coinfection rate of 46.67%. Genetic sequencing indicated that the HMPV genotype in this outbreak was A2c, and the HRV genotype was type A, resulting in a coinfection outbreak of HMPV, HRV, and RSV in schools and kindergartens, suggesting that multi-pathogen surveillance of respiratory tract infections should be strengthened.
本研究旨在分析一所幼儿园和小学中主要由呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、人鼻病毒（HRV）和人偏肺病毒（HMPV）引起的疫情的流行病学和致病特征。通过现场流行病学调查对此次疫情进行调查，并采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测技术筛查常见呼吸道病原体。此次疫情的罹患率为63.95%（110/172）。主要症状包括咳嗽（85.45%）、咽痛（60.91%）和打喷嚏（60.00%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，持续洗手和打喷嚏时捂住口鼻是保护因素。采集的15份咽拭子标本病毒检测均呈阳性，其中以HMPV为主要病原体（80.00%），其次是HRV（53.33%），呼吸道合胞病毒阳性2例（13.33%）。其中，6份样本显示HMPV和HRV合并感染，1份显示HMPV和RSV合并感染，合并感染率为46.67%。基因测序表明，此次疫情中的HMPV基因型为A2c，HRV基因型为A 型，导致学校和幼儿园出现HMPV、HRV和RSV合并感染疫情，提示应加强呼吸道感染的多病原体监测。
