Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Jun;119(6):1504-1513. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.022. Epub 2024 Apr 25.
Dietary choices can affect human health through alterations in gut microbial metabolism, and gut microbial metabolites could serve as biomarkers for disease risk conferred by dietary intake. However, self-reported dietary intake may not reflect true intake.
We identified circulating metabolites, including gut microbiome-related metabolites, associated with adherence to a healthy diet in the ChooseWell 365 study. In this randomized clinical trial, the dietary choices of hospital employees were assessed over 24 mo using not only 24-h dietary recalls but also electronic records of hospital cafeteria purchases.
Plasma metabolites were profiled from 470 participants. Two targeted metabolomics methods were developed and implemented to expand detection coverage for metabolites related to gut microbial activity. Linear regression models were used to associate metabolites with Healthy Purchasing Scores (HPSs) derived from cafeteria purchases and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-15) scores derived from dietary recalls.
Fourteen metabolites were concordantly associated with the HPS and HEI-15 scores in multivariable models adjusted for age, gender, and race, including the gut microbiome-related metabolites indole-3-propionic acid (HPS, β: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.26, P = 7.32 × 10; HEI-15, β: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.25, P = 6.79 × 10), hippuric acid (HPS, β: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21, P = 1.97 × 10; HEI-15, β: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.19, P = 3.14 × 10), and indoxyl sulfate (HPS, β = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.03, P = 8.21 × 10; HEI-15, β: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.03, P = 8.50 × 10). These gut microbial metabolites were associated with the intake of specific food groups, such as whole fruits. These metabolites were also associated with clinical variables, including blood pressure, diabetes or prediabetes, and body mass index.
In a secondary analysis of the ChooseWell 365 study, associations between circulating gut microbiome-related metabolites and a healthy diet were confirmed using both objective and subjective measures of consumption. Accurate identification of diet-associated metabolites may help guide dietary or microbiome-based interventions aimed at disease prevention.
饮食选择可以通过改变肠道微生物代谢来影响人类健康，而肠道微生物代谢产物可以作为饮食摄入与疾病风险相关的生物标志物。然而，自我报告的饮食摄入可能无法反映真实的摄入量。
我们在 ChooseWell 365 研究中确定了与健康饮食依从性相关的循环代谢物，包括肠道微生物组相关代谢物。在这项随机临床试验中，不仅使用 24 小时膳食回忆，还使用医院自助餐厅购买的电子记录，评估了医院员工在 24 个月内的饮食选择。
对 470 名参与者的血浆代谢物进行了分析。开发并实施了两种靶向代谢组学方法，以扩大与肠道微生物活性相关的代谢物的检测范围。使用线性回归模型将代谢物与源自自助餐厅购买的健康购买评分（HPS）和源自膳食回忆的健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-15）评分相关联。
在调整年龄、性别和种族的多变量模型中，有 14 种代谢物与 HPS 和 HEI-15 评分一致，包括肠道微生物组相关代谢物吲哚-3-丙酸（HPS，β：0.16，95%CI：0.07，0.26，P=7.32×10；HEI-15，β：0.16，95%CI：0.07，0.25，P=6.79×10）、马尿酸（HPS，β：0.11，95%CI：0.02，0.21，P=1.97×10；HEI-15，β：0.10，95%CI：0.01，0.19，P=3.14×10）和吲哚硫酸（HPS，β=-0.13，95%CI：-0.23，-0.03，P=8.21×10；HEI-15，β：-0.12，95%CI：-0.22，-0.03，P=8.50×10）。这些肠道微生物代谢物与特定食物组的摄入有关，如全水果。这些代谢物还与临床变量相关，包括血压、糖尿病或糖尿病前期以及体重指数。
在 ChooseWell 365 研究的二次分析中，使用客观和主观的消费测量方法证实了循环肠道微生物组相关代谢物与健康饮食之间的关联。准确识别与饮食相关的代谢物可能有助于指导旨在预防疾病的饮食或微生物组干预措施。
