Zhao Ruixue, Shang Yingxin, Jacinthe Pierre-André, Li Sijia, Liu Ge, Wen Zhidan, Wang Zijin, Yang Qian, Fang Chong, Song Kaishan
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; School of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China.
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 25;931:172797. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172797. Epub 2024 Apr 27.
Human activities have strongly impacted the global climate, and during the last few decades the global average temperature has risen at a rate faster than at any time on record. High latitude lakes in the subarctic and arctic permafrost regions have particularly been vulnerable given the "Arctic amplification" phenomenon and acceleration in warming rate in the northern hemisphere (0.2-0.8 °C/decade). This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the last 30 years of research investigating how subarctic and Arctic lakes respond to climate warming. The review focused on studies where remote sensing technology was used to quantify these responses. The difference between summer lake water temperature and air temperature varied between 1.7 and 5.4 °C in subarctic lakes and 2.4-3.2 °C in Arctic lakes. Overall, the freezing date of lake ice is generally delayed and the date of lake thawing occurs earlier. Lake surface area (4-48.5 %), and abundance in the subarctic and Arctic region have increased significantly due to rising temperature, permafrost thawing, increased precipitation and other localized surface disturbances. However, in recent years, instances of lake shrinkage (between -0.4 % and -40 %) have also been reported, likely due to riparian overflow, groundwater infiltration and lateral drainage. Furthermore, in subarctic and Arctic lakes, climate change and permafrost thawing would release CO and CH, and alter carbon dynamics in impacted lakes through various interconnected processes which could potentially affect the quality of carbon (terrestrial, algae) entering a lake system. The review also highlighted a potential intersection between permafrost melting and public health through human exposure to long-buried viruses. Subarctic and arctic ecosystems' responses to climate change will continue to be an area of intense research interest, and this review has highlighted priority areas for research and how remote sensing technologies can facilitate the pursuit of such a research agenda.
人类活动对全球气候产生了强烈影响，在过去几十年里，全球平均气温上升速度比有记录以来的任何时候都要快。鉴于“北极放大”现象以及北半球变暖速率加快（0.2 - 0.8℃/十年），亚北极和北极永久冻土区的高纬度湖泊尤其脆弱。本文全面概述了过去30年关于亚北极和北极湖泊如何应对气候变暖的研究。该综述聚焦于使用遥感技术量化这些响应的研究。亚北极湖泊夏季湖水温度与气温之差在1.7至5.4℃之间，北极湖泊则在2.4 - 3.2℃之间。总体而言，湖冰冻结日期普遍推迟，湖泊解冻日期提前。由于气温上升、永久冻土融化、降水增加以及其他局部地表干扰，亚北极和北极地区的湖泊表面积（4 - 48.5%）及丰度显著增加。然而，近年来也有湖泊萎缩的情况报道（-0.4%至-40%），这可能是由于河岸溢流、地下水渗透和侧向排水所致。此外，在亚北极和北极湖泊中，气候变化和永久冻土融化会释放CO和CH，并通过各种相互关联的过程改变受影响湖泊中的碳动态，这可能会影响进入湖泊系统的碳（陆地、藻类）质量。该综述还强调了永久冻土融化与公共卫生之间可能存在的交叉点，即人类接触长期埋藏的病毒。亚北极和北极生态系统对气候变化的响应仍将是一个备受关注的研究领域，本综述突出了研究重点领域以及遥感技术如何推动此类研究议程的开展。
