Assia-Robles Sergio Iván, Hernández-Morales María Del Rocío, Mancilla-Hernández Eleazar, López-Méndez Diana Paola, Nazarala-Sanchez Samara, González-Hidalgo Sandra Aidée
Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Ángeles, Puebla, México.
Centro de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia, Hospital Ángeles, Puebla, México.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2024 Feb 1;71(1):23-28. doi: 10.29262/ram.v71i1.1285.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors of the post-COVID-19 condition of children and adolescents from a cohort.
Observational and analytical cohort study. Statistical analysis: percentages, frequencies; averages; Odds ratio, χ test, and multiple binary logistic regression. Statistical Package, for the Social Sciences 23.
Prevalence of the post-COVID-19 condition was: 14.8% of 175 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 26 developed post-COVID-19 condition, mean age 5.9 years (SD: 5.05), sex: 27% men, 73% women, frequent symptoms: fatigue, runny nose, muscle pain, dyspnea. Symptoms associated with post-COVID-19 condition: muscle pain (OR: 27; p = 0.000; IC95%5.2-139), dysgeusia (OR: 19; p = 0.012; IC95%: 1.9-19), and fatigue (OR: 5; p = 0.001; IC95%: 1.9-13.5). Associated risk factors: female (OR: 3.58; p = 0.023; CI95%: 1.19-10.71), comorbidities (OR: 24.5; p = 0.000; CI95%: 7.52-79), allergic rhinitis (OR: 8.7; p = 0.000; CI95%: 2.66-28.87), atopic dermatitis (OR: 9. 58; p = 0.016 CI95%: 1.51-60.5).
Although the majority of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 recover completely, some of them will develop a post-COVID-19 condition, knowing the most frequent symptoms and associated factors, will allow a better evaluation, for its opportune detection and effective treatment.
确定队列中儿童和青少年新冠后状况的患病率及风险因素。
观察性和分析性队列研究。统计分析：百分比、频率；平均值；比值比、χ检验和多重二元逻辑回归。使用社会科学统计软件包23。
符合纳入标准的175例患者中，新冠后状况的患病率为14.8%，26例出现新冠后状况，平均年龄5.9岁（标准差：5.05），性别：男性27%，女性73%，常见症状：疲劳、流鼻涕、肌肉疼痛、呼吸困难。与新冠后状况相关的症状：肌肉疼痛（比值比：27；p = 0.000；95%置信区间5.2 - 139）、味觉障碍（比值比：19；p = 0.012；95%置信区间：1.9 - 19）和疲劳（比值比：5；p = 0.001；95%置信区间：1.9 - 13.5）。相关风险因素：女性（比值比：3.58；p = 0.023；95%置信区间：1.19 - 10.71）、合并症（比值比：24.5；p = 0.000；95%置信区间：7.52 - 79）、过敏性鼻炎（比值比：8.7；p = 0.000；95%置信区间：2.66 - 28.87）、特应性皮炎（比值比：9.58；p = 0.016，95%置信区间：1.51 - 60.5）。
尽管大多数感染SARS-CoV-2的儿童会完全康复，但其中一些人会出现新冠后状况，了解最常见的症状和相关因素，将有助于更好地评估，以便及时发现并进行有效治疗。
