Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA.
Ecotoxicology. 2024 Jul;33(4-5):325-396. doi: 10.1007/s10646-024-02747-x. Epub 2024 Apr 29.
An important provision of the Minamata Convention on Mercury is to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures and its implementation. Here, we describe for the first time currently available biotic mercury (Hg) data on a global scale to improve the understanding of global efforts to reduce the impact of Hg pollution on people and the environment. Data from the peer-reviewed literature were compiled in the Global Biotic Mercury Synthesis (GBMS) database (>550,000 data points). These data provide a foundation for establishing a biomonitoring framework needed to track Hg concentrations in biota globally. We describe Hg exposure in the taxa identified by the Minamata Convention: fish, sea turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Based on the GBMS database, Hg concentrations are presented at relevant geographic scales for continents and oceanic basins. We identify some effective regional templates for monitoring methylmercury (MeHg) availability in the environment, but overall illustrate that there is a general lack of regional biomonitoring initiatives around the world, especially in Africa, Australia, Indo-Pacific, Middle East, and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Temporal trend data for Hg in biota are generally limited. Ecologically sensitive sites (where biota have above average MeHg tissue concentrations) have been identified throughout the world. Efforts to model and quantify ecosystem sensitivity locally, regionally, and globally could help establish effective and efficient biomonitoring programs. We present a framework for a global Hg biomonitoring network that includes a three-step continental and oceanic approach to integrate existing biomonitoring efforts and prioritize filling regional data gaps linked with key Hg sources. We describe a standardized approach that builds on an evidence-based evaluation to assess the Minamata Convention's progress to reduce the impact of global Hg pollution on people and the environment.
《水俣公约》的一项重要规定是监测和评估所通过措施及其执行的有效性。在这里，我们首次描述了当前全球范围内的生物汞（Hg）数据，以增进对减少汞污染对人类和环境影响的全球努力的了解。从同行评议文献中汇编的数据纳入全球生物汞综合数据库（GBMS）（>550,000 个数据点）。这些数据为建立一个全球范围内跟踪生物群体内 Hg 浓度所需的生物监测框架提供了基础。我们描述了《水俣公约》所确定的分类群中的 Hg 暴露情况：鱼类、海龟、鸟类和海洋哺乳动物。基于 GBMS 数据库，以相关地理尺度呈现了各大洲和海洋盆地的 Hg 浓度。我们确定了一些监测环境中甲基汞（MeHg）可用性的有效区域模板，但总体表明，全球特别是在非洲、澳大利亚、印度-太平洋、中东以及南大西洋和太平洋地区，缺乏区域生物监测举措。生物群体内 Hg 的时间趋势数据通常有限。在世界各地都确定了具有高于平均 MeHg 组织浓度的生态敏感地点。努力在当地、区域和全球范围内对生态系统敏感性进行建模和量化，可以帮助建立有效的生物监测计划。我们提出了一个全球 Hg 生物监测网络框架，包括一个三步式的大陆和海洋方法，以整合现有的生物监测工作，并优先填补与关键 Hg 源相关的区域数据空白。我们描述了一种标准化方法，该方法基于基于证据的评估，以评估《水俣公约》在减少全球 Hg 污染对人类和环境的影响方面的进展。
