Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2024 Sep;24(9):564-577. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0152. Epub 2024 Apr 30.
Mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses are a growing priority for public and animal health in Canada. It is anticipated that disease incidence will increase due to a warming climate, given that habitats are expanding for reservoir hosts and vectors, particularly in Canada. Little is known about the ecology of primary vectors that perpetuate these orthobunyaviruses, including the viral transmission cycle and the impact of climatic and landscape factors. A scoping review was conducted to describe the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology of orthobunyaviruses relevant to Canada. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines was used to characterize studies focused on vector species. A literature search was conducted in six databases and gray literature. Eligible studies characterized orthobunyavirus epidemiology related to vector species, including viral competency, geospatial distributions, seasonal trends, and/or risk factors. A total of 1734 unique citations were identified. Screening of these citations revealed 172 relevant studies, from which 87 studies presented primary data related to vectors. The orthobunyaviruses included Cache Valley virus (CVV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Snowshoe Hare virus (SHV), and La Crosse virus (LACV). Surveillance was the predominant study focus, with most citations representing the United States, specifically, LACV surveillance in Tennessee, followed by CVV and JCV in Connecticut. Orthobunyaviruses were detected in many mosquito species across multiple genera, with high vector specificity only being reported for LACV, which included , , and Peridomestic areas were positively associated with infected mosquitoes compared with dense forests. Orthobunyavirus infections, coinfections, and gut microbiota affected mosquito feeding and breeding behavior. Knowledge gaps included Canadian surveillance data, disease modeling, and risk projections. Further research in these areas, especially accounting for climate change, is needed to guide health policy for prevention of orthobunyaviral disease.
虫媒正呼肠孤病毒是加拿大公共卫生和动物健康的一个日益重要的关注点。鉴于宿主和媒介的栖息地不断扩大，特别是在加拿大，预计疾病发病率将会增加。对于传播这些正呼肠孤病毒的主要媒介的生态知之甚少，包括病毒传播周期以及气候和景观因素的影响。
开展了范围界定审查，以描述与加拿大相关的正呼肠孤病毒流行病学的现有知识状况。使用用于描述侧重于媒介物种的研究的系统评价和荟萃分析扩展范围界定审查指南来描述研究。在六个数据库和灰色文献中进行了文献检索。合格的研究描述了与媒介物种相关的正呼肠孤病毒流行病学，包括病毒能力、地理空间分布、季节性趋势和/或风险因素。
共确定了 1734 个独特的引文。对这些引文进行筛选后，发现了 172 项相关研究，其中 87 项研究提供了与媒介相关的主要数据。所包括的正呼肠孤病毒包括卡什谷病毒 (CVV)、詹姆斯敦峡谷病毒 (JCV)、雪鞋野兔病毒 (SHV) 和拉科罗纳病毒 (LACV)。监测是主要的研究重点，大多数引文代表美国，特别是田纳西州的 LACV 监测，其次是康涅狄格州的 CVV 和 JCV。在多个属的多种蚊子中检测到了正呼肠孤病毒，只有 LACV 具有高度媒介特异性，包括 、 和 。与茂密的森林相比，围场地区与感染的蚊子呈正相关。正呼肠孤病毒感染、合并感染和肠道微生物群会影响蚊子的取食和繁殖行为。
知识空白包括加拿大监测数据、疾病建模和风险预测。在这些领域，特别是考虑到气候变化，需要进一步研究，以为预防正呼肠孤病毒病提供卫生政策指导。
