Centro de Información Toxicológica y de Medicamentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Subsecretaría de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2023 Apr;151(4):420-427. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872023000400420.
Bioaccumulation of toxic metals in the population is associated with adverse health effects. Although some elements are essential for humans, high levels of exposure can be dangerous.
To describe the levels of Inorganic Arsenic (AsIn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Mercury (Hg) in urine, and Lead (Pb) in blood in the population of Arica, Chile.
Descriptive study. Beneficiaries of the Health Surveillance Program of Law 20.590 in sites of higher risk of exposure in the commune of Arica were considered eligible. The results of biological samples to measure their concentrations of AsIn, Cd, Cr, Hg in urine, and Pb in blood between August 2016 and May 2021 are described.
9520 samples from a population with a mean age of 40.5 years were studied. 4.21% of the adult population and 6.57% of the children had AsIn values above 35 μg/L, while at least 95 % of the total samples had levels below 33 μg/L. At least 90 % of the samples had Cd levels below 1.1 μg/L, and 8.44 % had Cd levels above 2 μg/L, higher in males (11.67%). There were no values above the reference in children. 99.77% and 99.33% had Cr and Pb values below the reference limit, respectively (using the lowest reference range established by Chile Ministry of Health (MINSAL) < 5 μg/L). Children did not present risk values for Cr, and 0.16% presented Pb concentrations between 5-10 μg/dL. All samples presented Hg concentrations below risk levels (< 10 μg/L).
The results of this study suggest that a small percentage of the samples analyzed in the beneficiary population of Arica register metal concentration levels above national reference levels established by MINSAL, mainly AsIn, Cd, and Pb. It is essential to continue biomonitoring to reduce and prevent exposure to these metals, which can have harmful effects on human health.
人群中有毒金属的生物累积与不良健康影响有关。虽然有些元素对人体是必需的，但高水平的暴露可能是危险的。
描述智利阿里卡人口尿液中无机砷（AsIn）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）和汞（Hg）的水平，以及血液中铅（Pb）的水平。
描述性研究。被认为符合在阿里卡市高暴露风险点进行卫生监测计划的受益者有资格参加。描述了 2016 年 8 月至 2021 年 5 月间生物样本测量其尿液中 AsIn、Cd、Cr、Hg 浓度和血液中 Pb 浓度的结果。
研究了 9520 名平均年龄为 40.5 岁的人群样本。成年人口中有 4.21%和儿童中有 6.57%的人尿液中 AsIn 含量超过 35μg/L，而总样本中至少有 95%的样本含量低于 33μg/L。至少 90%的样本 Cd 含量低于 1.1μg/L，8.44%的样本 Cd 含量高于 2μg/L，男性更高（11.67%）。儿童中没有超过参考值的。99.77%和 99.33%的 Cr 和 Pb 含量低于参考限值，分别（智利卫生部（MINSAL）建立的最低参考范围<5μg/L）。儿童没有出现 Cr 风险值，0.16%的儿童 Pb 浓度在 5-10μg/dL 之间。所有样本 Hg 浓度均低于风险水平（<10μg/L）。
本研究结果表明，在阿里卡受益人群中分析的一小部分样本的金属浓度水平高于 MINSAL 制定的国家参考水平，主要是 AsIn、Cd 和 Pb。必须继续进行生物监测，以减少和预防这些金属的暴露，因为这些金属可能对人类健康造成有害影响。
