Oyewopo Oyetunji A, Badejogbin Olabimpe C, Ajadi Isaac O, Enye Linus A, Ajadi Mary B, Ebuwa Ikponmwosa V, Owolabi Olutunmise V, Areloegbe Stephanie E, Olaniyi Kehinde S
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240001, Nigeria.
Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo,121003, Nigeria.
Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2025;22(2):e300424229527. doi: 10.2174/0115701638279386240425050818.
(PG) is a plant that contains ginsenosides, which are considered adaptogens that confer cellular protection. However, the impact of PG on pituitary-ovarian dysfunction and subsequent infertility is unknown. This study investigated the hypothesis that PG would attenuate pituitary-ovarian dysfunction associated with mobile phone's Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation (RF-EMR) in experimental rat models and the possible involvement of a cAMP Response Element Modulator (CREM)-dependent pathway.
Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, each consisting of five rats. The control group was administered a vehicle (distilled water) orally, while the P. ginseng group received 200 mg/kg of extract orally. The RF-EMR group was exposed to 900MHz radiation, and the RF-EMR + PG group was exposed to the same radiation while also being treated with 200 mg/kg of orally. These treatments were administered daily for a period of 56 days.
The RF-EMR group exhibited significant reductions in serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone compared to the control group. Moreover, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly lower in the RF-EMR group compared to the control. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in the expression of the CREM gene, accompanied by disrupted pituitary/ovarian morphology in the RF-EMR group compared to the control. However, the administration of PG mitigated these changes.
The findings of this study indicate that extract shields against pituitary-ovarian impairment linked to RF-EMR exposure from cell phones by boosting antioxidant capacity and promoting the CREM-dependent pathway.
人参是一种含有人参皂苷的植物，人参皂苷被认为是具有细胞保护作用的适应原。然而，人参对垂体 - 卵巢功能障碍及随后的不孕症的影响尚不清楚。本研究调查了这样一个假设：在实验大鼠模型中，人参会减轻与手机射频电磁辐射（RF - EMR）相关的垂体 - 卵巢功能障碍，以及可能涉及的环磷酸腺苷反应元件调节剂（CREM）依赖性途径。
将20只成年雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为四组，每组五只。对照组经口给予赋形剂（蒸馏水），而人参组经口给予200mg/kg提取物。RF - EMR组暴露于900MHz辐射，RF - EMR + PG组在暴露于相同辐射的同时，也经口给予200mg/kg提取物。这些处理每天进行，持续56天。
与对照组相比，RF - EMR组血清促黄体生成素（LH）、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、雌二醇和孕酮水平显著降低。此外，与对照组相比，RF - EMR组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）水平显著降低。另外，与对照组相比，RF - EMR组CREM基因表达明显下降，同时垂体/卵巢形态受到破坏。然而，给予人参可减轻这些变化。
本研究结果表明，人参提取物通过提高抗氧化能力和促进CREM依赖性途径，保护免受手机RF - EMR暴露导致的垂体 - 卵巢损伤。
