Jose Shilpa M, Rajaraman Vaishnavi, Ariga Padma, Ganapathy Dhanraj, Sekaran Saravanan
Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Apr 1;16(4):e57385. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57385. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Background The use of surface coatings to enhance the properties lacking in titanium has attracted significant focus in recent times. Hafnium nitride (HfN) coatings could be explored as promising in the osteoinductive properties of titanium implants. HfN exhibits excellent mechanical attributes, such as hardness and wear resistance, and is often used as a coating on high-end equipment for protection. The findings from this research may carve a new path for the production and optimization of HfN coatings to enhance the longevity and augment properties of implant materials. Thus, the present study was orchestrated to elucidate the surface morphology of HfN coating, ultimately contributing to the advancement of dental implant biomaterials. Materials and methods A total of twenty samples of medical grade commercially pure titanium screws (2 mm diameter and 7 mm length) were procured from G. R. Bioure Surgical System Pvt. Ltd., Ravali, Uttar Pradesh, India, and ten samples were reacted with HfN (0.1 M) (Nano Research Elements, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India) in 100% ethanol and stirred continuously for about 48 hours. Then these screw samples were immersed in the prepared colloidal suspension and sintered for two hours at 400 degrees centigrade. The implant screws were affixed onto metal supports. The magnifications for photomicrographs at ×30, ×200, ×1,500, ×3,000, and ×5,000 were standardized. Elementary semi-quantitative analysis of both dental implants was conducted using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) coupled with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipment (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan). The software used for the analysis of the obtained images is SEM Center. Results The surface analysis using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the coating of HfN over titanium screws. The difference in surface morphology of both the group of implant screws can be visualized under 40.0 and 10.0 mm working distance (WD) for both groups. The surface analysis using the EDX of uncoated titanium screws shows five elements in the spectrum: titanium (Ti), oxygen (O), aluminum (Al), carbon (C), and vanadium (V). The EDX of the HfN-coated screws has two additional metals dispersed in the spectrum, hafnium (Hf). The element characteristics are tabulated with their apparent concentration, k ratio, line type, weight percentage, standard label, and factory label for uncoated titanium screws and HfN-coated titanium screws. Conclusion The study evaluated HfN coating over medical grade commercially pure titanium. The surface topography of coated versus uncoated was visualized. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a homogenous coating over the titanium surfaces, and the EDX showed elemental dispersion of the coated implant. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the coating's surface morphology, which will aid in the development of more durable and biocompatible implants. This thereby provides a promising scope for further research of this novel metal coating for use in the biomedical sectors, specifically for dental implants.
背景 近年来,使用表面涂层来增强钛所缺乏的性能已引起了广泛关注。氮化铪(HfN)涂层有望提升钛植入物的骨诱导性能。HfN具有优异的机械性能,如硬度和耐磨性,常用于高端设备的涂层保护。本研究结果可能为HfN涂层的生产和优化开辟新途径,以提高植入材料的使用寿命和增强其性能。因此,本研究旨在阐明HfN涂层的表面形态,最终推动牙科植入生物材料的发展。
材料与方法 从印度北方邦拉瓦利的G. R. Bioure Surgical System Pvt. Ltd.采购了总共20个医用级商业纯钛螺丝样本(直径2毫米,长度7毫米),其中10个样本在100%乙醇中与HfN(0.1 M)(印度哈里亚纳邦库鲁克舍特拉的Nano Research Elements公司)反应,并持续搅拌约48小时。然后将这些螺丝样本浸入制备好的胶体悬浮液中,在400摄氏度下烧结两小时。将植入螺丝固定在金属支架上。对×30、×200、×1500、×3000和×5000放大倍数下的显微照片进行了标准化处理。使用能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)结合场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)设备(日本东京秋留岛的JEOL Ltd.公司)对两种牙科植入物进行了元素半定量分析。用于分析所得图像的软件是SEM Center。
结果 使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行的表面分析显示,钛螺丝上有HfN涂层。在40.0和10.0毫米的工作距离(WD)下,可以观察到两组植入螺丝表面形态的差异。未涂层钛螺丝的EDX表面分析显示光谱中有五种元素:钛(Ti)、氧(O)、铝(Al)、碳(C)和钒(V)。HfN涂层螺丝的EDX光谱中还分散有另外两种金属,铪(Hf)。列出了未涂层钛螺丝和HfN涂层钛螺丝的元素特性,包括其表观浓度、k比率、谱线类型、重量百分比、标准标签和工厂标签。
结论 本研究评估了医用级商业纯钛上的HfN涂层。观察到了涂层与未涂层的表面形貌。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像显示钛表面有均匀涂层,EDX显示涂层植入物的元素分散情况。本研究旨在全面了解涂层的表面形态,这将有助于开发更耐用和生物相容性更好的植入物。因此,这为这种新型金属涂层在生物医学领域,特别是牙科植入物中的进一步研究提供了广阔前景。