Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2024 Oct 22;26(11):1480-1488. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae103.
Addressing cigarette and e-cigarette use in China is key to reducing the global tobacco epidemic. Marketing exposure is one causal factor for adolescent smoking and e-cigarette use. Currently, China restricts cigarette and e-cigarette ads in public places and online; however, there may not be full policy compliance. We collected real-time data in the natural environment to estimate how much and where Chinese adolescents-a group susceptible to smoking and e-cigarette use-are exposed to cigarette and e-cigarette marketing to inform policy responses.
In June 2022, we conducted a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with 15-16-year-olds (n = 96) across eight Chinese cities. Participants completed up to 42 EMA surveys (six per day), sent at random intervals outside of school hours. In each survey, participants reported whether they saw (1) displays and (2) ads in the past hour (none, cigarette, e-cigarette, both) in the past hour. We also captured the source of cigarette/e-cigarette ad exposure.
Most participants were exposed to cigarette and/or e-cigarette displays (89.6%) or ads (79.2%) more than 7 days. On average, participants reported past-hour exposure to displays 12.7 times and past-hour exposure to ads 10.8 times over the week. The most common sources of cigarette ads were public places (eg, kiosks, supermarkets); the most common sources of e-cigarette ad exposure were social media/internet or e-cigarette stores.
Findings highlight the need to enhance enforcement of restrictions on cigarette and e-cigarette ads in public places and online in China and extend restrictions to ban displays.
Marketing exposure is a causal factor in youth smoking and e-cigarette use. We used EMA to estimate cigarette and e-cigarette display and ad exposure among Chinese adolescents. On average, participants reported past-hour exposure to cigarette and/or e-cigarette displays 13 times and past-hour exposure to cigarette and/or e-cigarette ads 11 times more than 1 week. Most saw ads in public places and online. Results suggest strengthening implementation of China's ban on cigarette and e-cigarette ads in public places and online and banning product displays. These are policy responses that can contribute to reducing adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette uptake in China.
解决中国的香烟和电子烟使用问题是减少全球烟草流行的关键。营销曝光是青少年吸烟和电子烟使用的一个因果因素。目前，中国限制在公共场所和网上的香烟和电子烟广告；然而，可能没有完全遵守政策。我们收集了实时数据，以评估中国青少年（易受吸烟和电子烟使用影响的群体）在自然环境中接触香烟和电子烟营销的程度和地点，为政策应对提供信息。
2022 年 6 月，我们在中国八个城市对 15-16 岁的青少年（n=96）进行了为期 7 天的生态瞬时评估（EMA）研究。参与者完成了多达 42 次 EMA 调查（每天 6 次），在学校外的随机时间间隔发送。在每次调查中，参与者报告了在过去一小时内是否看到（1）展示和（2）广告（无、香烟、电子烟、两者都有）。我们还捕捉了香烟/电子烟广告曝光的来源。
大多数参与者在 7 天以上的时间里，看到了香烟和/或电子烟的展示（89.6%）或广告（79.2%）。平均而言，参与者在一周内报告了过去一小时内看到展示 12.7 次，过去一小时内看到广告 10.8 次。香烟广告最常见的来源是公共场所（如售货亭、超市）；电子烟广告曝光最常见的来源是社交媒体/互联网或电子烟商店。
研究结果强调需要加强中国公共场所和网上香烟和电子烟广告的限制，并将限制扩大到禁止展示。
营销曝光是青少年吸烟和电子烟使用的一个因果因素。我们使用 EMA 来估计中国青少年对香烟和电子烟的展示和广告的接触情况。平均而言，参与者在一周内报告了过去一小时内看到香烟和/或电子烟展示 13 次，看到香烟和/或电子烟广告 11 次。大多数人在公共场所和网上看到广告。结果表明，加强实施中国禁止在公共场所和网上发布香烟和电子烟广告的禁令，并禁止产品展示。这些是政策应对措施，可以有助于减少中国青少年对香烟和电子烟的使用。
