Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84601, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Sep;35(9):834-847. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.007. Epub 2024 May 1.
Pancreatic islets, particularly insulin-producing β-cells, are central regulators of glucose homeostasis capable of responding to a variety of metabolic stressors. Pregnancy is a unique physiological stressor, necessitating the islets to adapt to the complex interplay of maternal and fetal-placental factors influencing the metabolic milieu. In this review we highlight studies defining gestational adaptation mechanisms within maternal islets and emerging studies revealing islet adaptations during the early postpartum and lactation periods. These include adaptations in both β and in 'non-β' islet cells. We also discuss insights into how gestational and postpartum adaptation may inform pregnancy-specific and general mechanisms of islet responses to metabolic stress and contribute to investigation of gestational diabetes.
胰岛，尤其是产生胰岛素的β细胞，是调节葡萄糖稳态的核心，能够对各种代谢应激作出反应。妊娠是一种独特的生理应激，需要胰岛适应于影响代谢环境的母体和胎儿胎盘因素的复杂相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们强调了定义母体胰岛内妊娠适应机制的研究，以及揭示产后早期和哺乳期胰岛适应的新兴研究。这些适应包括β细胞和“非β”胰岛细胞的适应。我们还讨论了这些研究对妊娠特异性和一般胰岛对代谢应激反应机制的启示，以及对妊娠糖尿病的研究的贡献。
